# NTSB ERA14LA446: Cessna 180B, N180GK, Piscataquis County, ME, September 19, 2014 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 19, 2014, 16:30 local (20:30 UTC) - Place: Piscataquis County, ME - Coordinates: 44.694858, -69.382583 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.6949&lon=-69.3826&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report September 24, 2015 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 90113 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA14LA446 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/90113/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90113 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14LA446 ## Probable cause The fatigue fracture of the No. 3 exhaust valve, which initiated at the outer surface of the valve stem and resulted in the subsequent total loss of engine power over terrain unsuitable for landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Object/animal/substance: tree(s)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna 180B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020/cases.md?model=2072606), [All aircraft, 933 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020/cases.md) - [Engine (reciprocating): recip eng cyl section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Fatigue/wear/corrosion (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 180B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md?model=2072606), [All aircraft, 373 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md) - [Engine (reciprocating): recip eng cyl section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 180B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md?model=2072606), [All aircraft, 373 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 180B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=2072606), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Cessna 180B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=2072606), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 180B, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072606), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that, while maneuvering the float airplane about 2,500 ft above ground level, he heard a "slight squeal" coming from the engine before it started to sputter. After the airplane had descended to about 1,500 ft, the engine and propeller "completely stopped." The pilot determined that the airplane would not reach a nearby lake and chose an unpaved road in the woods for the forced landing. The right wing struck a tree about 60 ft above the ground, and the airplane then impacted the road, which resulted in substantial damage to the wings, fuselage, and empennage. Examination of the engine revealed that the crankshaft could be rotated freely by hand, and removal of the oil sump revealed piston material and the No. 3 exhaust valve head, which was fractured at the stem below the head. Disassembly of the engine revealed normal wear and appearance on all of the cylinders except for the No. 3 cylinder, piston, and exhaust valve. Metallurgical examination of the No. 3 exhaust valve revealed that the fracture had initiated at the outer surface of the valve stem and that the valve had fractured due to fatigue at the transition of the stem to the valve. ## Factual narrative On September 19, 2014, at 1630 eastern daylight time, a float equipped Cessna 180B, N180GK, was substantially damaged during a forced landing following a total loss of engine power, while maneuvering near Piscataquis County, Maine. The private pilot/owner and passenger sustained minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the flight that departed Mud Pond, Maine about 1530. The personal flight was conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.In a telephone conversation with a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aviation safety inspector, the pilot said that he was maneuvering about 2,500 feet north of Lake Ross, Maine when he heard a "slight squeal" from the engine before it started to sputter. About 1,500 feet during the subsequent descent, the engine and propeller "completely stopped." The pilot determined the airplane would not reach Lake Ross, and selected an unpaved road in the woods for the forced landing. The right wing struck a tree about 60 feet above the ground, and the airplane impacted the road, resulting in substantial damage to the wings, fuselage, and empennage. The pilot held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land and sea. His most recent FAA third class medical certificate was issued May 27, 2014. The pilot reported 1,200 total hours of flight experience, of which 950 hours were in the accident airplane make and model. The airplane was manufactured in 1959, and its most recent annual inspection was completed May 24, 2013, at 4,013 total aircraft hours. A Continental O-470K33 remanufactured engine was installed in the airplane on August 20, 2005 and the engine had accrued 605 hours since that date. The wreckage was recovered to a maintenance facility where a cursory examination of the engine was performed. There was no external damage, but a borescope examination of the No. 3 cylinder revealed that the exhaust valve was fractured at the stem and the top of the No. 3 piston was damaged. The engine was retained for further examination. On October 27, 2014, the engine was examined under the supervision of an FAA aviation safety inspector at the manufacturer's facility in Mobile, Alabama. The crankshaft "freely" rotated by hand, and removal of the oil sump revealed "piston material" and what was identified as the No. 3 exhaust valve head, which was fractured at the stem below the head. Disassembly of the engine revealed normal wear and appearance on all cylinders with the exception of the No. 3 cylinder, piston, and exhaust valve. The magnetos were tested, and both produced spark at all terminal leads. The fractured exhaust valve head, stem, and rotocoil were submitted to the manufacturer's engineering department for metallurgical examination. The report prepared by the manufacturer stated that the valve fractured at the transition of the stem to the valve, also exhibited post separation damage. The fractureinitiated at the outer surface of the valve stem and grew in fatigue. An NTSB metallurgist reviewed the reports generated by these exams, and concurred with their findings. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N180GK](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N180GK-2018-02-09), registration cancelled 2018-02-09, S/N 50509, built 1959 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 180B - Registry model: [Cessna 180B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-180b) (registry code 2072606) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental O-470 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-470-series) (registry code 17026, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 50509 - Year built: 1959 - Airframe hours: 4013 - Engines: CONT MOTOR O-470 SERIES reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Norris Gary L - Registered owner: Norris Gary L - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 24, 2014, 42 hours before - Departed: Mud Pond, ME - Destination: Lake Ross, ME ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 59; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 1,200 total, 950 in this make and model, 70 in the last 90 days, 35 in the last 30 days, 7 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 52 °F, dew point 45 °F - Altimeter: 30.31 inHg - Observed at: PQI, 74 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20140919017709A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20140919017709A), Sep 19, 2014: Cessna 180B, Near Clayton La, ME, Destroyed. Cessna 180, N180GK (floatplane) On 9/19/2014, at approximately 17:30, pilot [privacy data omitted] departed mud pond (Near chamberlain lake) with a friend.… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 26, 2015, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90113. 6.0 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431186&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - FAA Inspector Statement and Record of Interview (item 2, .PDF, 125 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431187&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%20Statement%20and%20Record%20of%20Interview-Redacted.PDF - Engine Examination Report (item 3, .PDF, 101 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431188&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20Examination%20Report-Master.PDF - Metallurgical Report (CMI) (item 4, .PDF, 646 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431189&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Metallurgical%20Report%20(CMI)-Master.PDF - Photo 1 – View of Main Wreckage (FAA) (item 5, .PDF, 2.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431191&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20%E2%80%93%20View%20of%20Main%20Wreckage%20(FAA)%0D%0A-Master.PDF - Photo 2 – Main Wreckage Facing Opposite Direction of Travel (FAA) (item 6, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431192&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20%E2%80%93%20Main%20Wreckage%20Facing%20Opposite%20Direction%20of%20Travel%20(FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.