# NTSB ERA15LA296: Bell 47G 3B 1, N4002G, Camden, AL, August 3, 2015 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: August 3, 2015, 16:00 local (21:00 UTC) - Place: Camden, AL - Coordinates: 31.8875, -87.055831 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=31.8875&lon=-87.0558&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 28, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 91707 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA15LA296 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/91707/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=91707 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA15LA296 ## Probable cause A failure of the helicopter's hydraulic flight control systems for reasons that could not be determined due to the fire damage, and the pilot's inability to turn off the hydraulic system to relieve control pressure. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Hydraulic power system: hydraulic, main system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022910): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Malfunction (probable cause); cases with it: [Bell 47G-3B-1, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022910/cases.md?model=1181028), [All aircraft, 27 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022910/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Bell 47G-3B-1, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=1181028), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Bell 47G-3B-1, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=1181028), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) (defining event); cases with it: [Bell 47G-3B-1, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md?model=1181028), [All aircraft, 994 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230); cases with it: [Bell 47G-3B-1, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=1181028), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Dynamic rollover](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/231); cases with it: [Bell 47G-3B-1, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/231/sequence.md?model=1181028), [All aircraft, 161 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/231/sequence.md) - [Post-impact: Fire/smoke (post-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170); cases with it: [Bell 47G-3B-1, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170/sequence.md?model=1181028), [All aircraft, 354 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170/sequence.md) ## Analysis The airline transport pilot was repositioning the helicopter in preparation for spraying operations the next day. He reported that, about 1/2 mile from the intended off-airport landing area, while at an altitude of 300 ft above ground level, the helicopter's cyclic control became very stiff, consistent with a hydraulic system failure. He continued the approach to the landing zone, which was a cleared area of forest that contained brush, fallen trees, and dirt mounds. During the approach, he unsuccessfully attempted to follow the procedure to relieve hydraulic system control pressure, which included turning off the hydraulic system switch, but was unable to remove his hands from the controls and also maintain control of the helicopter. He ultimately elected to land without turning off the hydraulic system switch. During the landing, a portion of the helicopter's agricultural spray boom contacted the trees and brush, and the helicopter yawed to the left. The helicopter then began to oscillate as its skids contacted the uneven ground and obstructions before it ultimately rolled over, impacted the ground and caught fire. Fire damage to the engine and hydraulic system components precluded a postaccident examination, and its mode of failure could not be determined. ## Factual narrative On August 3, 2015, about 1600 central daylight time, a Bell 47G-3B-1, N4002G, operated by Ewing Flying Services LLC, was substantially damaged during a loss of control on landing near Camden, Alabama. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the flight which originated in Thomaston, Alabama and was destined for Oak Hill, Alabama. The helicopter was operated under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a positioning flight. The pilot was repositioning the helicopter for spraying operations scheduled to take place the following day. He has been airborne for approximately 20 minutes, and had used 10 gallons of fuel out of the 42 gallons he reported carrying. When he was at 300 feet altitude and about a half a mile out on approach to the off-airport landing zone, the hydraulic system augmenting the controls failed and the cyclic controls became stiff. He braced his left leg under the collective pitch control and grabbed the cyclic with his left hand, but he was unable to cycle the hydraulic system switch with his right hand because the collective control had drifted down, increasing his descent rate. The pilot responded by grabbing the collective and cyclic controls and left the hydraulic switch in the on position. He continued the approach into the landing zone, which was a large clearing in a forest. Just prior to touchdown, the agricultural spray boom made contact with trees and brush, and yawed the helicopter to the left. During the touchdown, the heel of the left skid struck a dirt mound, rocking the helicopter forward. Subsequently the toe of the right skid struck the ground, the helicopter began to oscillate, and rolled to the left. The pilot attempted to correct, but the helicopter continued to rollover until it impacted the ground, coming to rest on the left side. After the impact, the pilot evacuated as fuel poured out of the right tank directly into the engine and cockpit area. The fuel ignited and the fire consumed the fuselage and caused significant damage to the transmission, engine and components. The hydraulic pump was extensively damaged by the fire and unable to be inspected. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness and maintenance records, the helicopter was equipped with a supplemental type certificate for the Soloy Allison 250-CID turbine engine conversion. In addition, the helicopter was equipped with an agricultural spray boom that was mounted under the forward fuselage above the skid and aft of the skid toe. It was approximately 30 feet in length and extended about 12 feet from both sides of the cockpit. The helicopter's most recent 100 hour inspection was performed on February 19, 2015. At the time of the inspection, the airframe had accumulated 13,719.2 hours total time and the engine total time was 2,906.7hours. Additionally, mast, bearing, hub and swashplate maintenance was performed on July 9, 2015 at 13,764.2 hours total time and enginetotal time of 2951.7. According to FAA records, the pilot held commercial and airline transport pilot certificates, with ratings for airplane single engine land, airplane multi engine land, and rotorcraft helicopter. His last flight review was conducted on July 5, 2015 in the same make and model as the accident helicopter, and his most recent second-class medial was issued on May 14, 2015. He reported over 20,000 hours of total flight time, of which, 15,000 hours were in helicopters, and 1,080 in the same make and model as the accident helicopter. An FAA inspector examined the helicopter at the accident site. According to the inspector, the fuselage, main rotor blades, and tail boom were substantially damaged during the accident sequence and fire consumed the fuselage and damaged the engine and components. The accident site was a forested clearing. The ground in the immediate vicinity was burned, but remnants under the helicopter and in the area around the accident site contained brush, 1-inch diameter branches and immature saplings. In addition, several larger diameter fallen pine trees were near the helicopter. A dirt mound approximately 14 to 18 inches tall and several feet long was 3 feet to the left of the helicopter near the main rotor head. According to the Bell Helicopter Flight Manual Model 47, Section 2 Operating Procedures, "Hydraulic boost failure will be evident by feedback forces being transmitted to the cyclic stick when a control motion is made. Feedback forces may not be present or are negligible when the cyclic stick is held fixed or during autorotation. Feed-back forces encountered when moving the cyclic stick will be proportionate in intensity to an envelope of factors directly affected by airspeed, gross weight and climatic turbulence. When hydraulic boost power loss is detected, reduce cyclic control motions to the minimum required to complete the flight…" It also stated, "If jamming of the controls or a condition of the controls tending to override the pilot is experienced, the HYD (hydraulic) SYSTEM switch, located on the instrument panel, should be immediately moved to OFF to relieve hydraulic pressure…" According to the FAA Helicopter Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-21A, under System Malfunctions & Hydraulic Failure, it states "If hydraulic power is not restored, make a shallow approach to a running or roll-on landing. This technique is used because it requires less control force and pilot workload." ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4002G](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4002G-2018-03-23), registration cancelled 2018-03-23, S/N 6529, built 1966 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: BELL 47G 3B 1 - Registry model: [Bell 47G-3B-1](https://openairdocs.org/model/bell-47g-3b-1) (registry code 1181028) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming VO-435 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-vo-435-series) (registry code 41525, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 6529 - Year built: 1966 - Airframe hours: 13719.2 - Engines: Allison 250-CID turbo shaft - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Operator: Ewing Flying Service LLC - Registered owner: Ewing Flying Service LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, February 19, 2015 - Departed: NONE, Thomaston, AL - Destination: NONE, Oak Hill, AL - Airport: NONE, Forrested Clearing ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 70; injuries: none; commercial, airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review July 5, 2015; seat: left; restraint: 4-point; flight hours: 20,000 total, 1,080 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 330° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 97 °F, dew point 52 °F - Altimeter: 29.88 inHg - Observed at: KSEM, 20 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20150803016289A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20150803016289A), Aug 3, 2015: Bell 47G-3B-1, Camden, AL, Destroyed. 08/03/2015 1600 Local time. Pilot stated that during approach to a landing spot from the southeast, with winds light and variable from the northwest, at about… ## Other investigations on N4002G (4) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB ATL03LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL03LA007), Oct 19, 2002: Bell 47G3B1 (N4002G), Highfalls, GA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilots inadequate fuel management, and subsequent loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion, and a in-flight collision with trees during an autorotation. A factor was the pilot's failure to… - [NTSB FTW99TA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99TA194), Jul 17, 1999: Bell 47G-3B-1 (N4002G), Sour Lake, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to adequately preflight the helicopter's fuel system resulting in the total loss of engine power as a result of water contamination. Factors were the incorrect filter installed on… - [NTSB FTW79FRG13](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW79FRG13), Jan 20, 1979: Bell 47G-4A (N4002G), Falfurrias, TX, destroyed - [NTSB UNK71X0109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK71X0109), Jun 8, 1971: Bell 47G-4A (N4002G), Angola, Angola, substantial damage ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 16, 2017, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=91707. 5.3 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 775 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40453350&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Pilot Record of Conversation (item 2, .PDF, 136 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40453351&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Record%20of%20Conversation-Master.PDF - Record of Correspondence - FAA Inspector (item 3, .PDF, 29 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40453352&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Correspondence%20-%20FAA%20Inspector-Master.PDF - Photographs of Accident Site and Damage (item 4, .PDF, 2.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40453353&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photographs%20of%20Accident%20Site%20and%20Damage-Master.PDF - Map of Accident Location (item 5, .PDF, 292 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40453354&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Map%20of%20Accident%20Location-Master.PDF - Maintenance Records (item 6, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40453355&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maintenance%20Records%20-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.