# NTSB ERA16LA019: Beech 23, N2339J, Humboldt, TN, October 18, 2015 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 18, 2015, 07:45 local (12:45 UTC) - Place: Humboldt, TN - Coordinates: 35.802223, -88.86444 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.8022&lon=-88.8644&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 10, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 92194 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA16LA019 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/92194/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92194 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16LA019 ## Probable cause A partial loss of engine power due to low No. 2 cylinder compression and an inoperative right magneto. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine (reciprocating): recip eng cyl section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Damaged/degraded (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 23, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md?model=1151202), [All aircraft, 373 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md) - [Ignition system: magneto/distributor](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057414): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 23, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057414/cases.md?model=1151202), [All aircraft, 101 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057414/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) (defining event); cases with it: [Beech 23, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md?model=1151202), [All aircraft, 1,858 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Beech 23, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=1151202), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Beech 23, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=1151202), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The student pilot and flight instructor reported that ground operations were normal. During the initial climb, when the airplane was about 950 ft above ground level, the engine lost partial power. Unable to return to the departure airport, the flight instructor performed a forced landing in a field. During the landing roll, the nose gear collapsed, which resulted in substantial damage to the airframe. A postaccident examination of the engine revealed that the No. 2 cylinder only produced minimal compression and that the intake valve would not seat fully due to carbon deposits. The No. 2 cylinder exhaust pipe flange was separated from the cylinder exhaust seat face by about 0.25 inch on the outer left side, and the stud was missing the nut and both washers. One of the spark plugs had lead deposits and produced a weak spark when tested. Also, the right magneto was inoperative; the permanent magnet breaker end bearing had failed, and six teeth were missing from the large distributor timing gear. The partial loss of engine power was likely the result of both the low No. 2 cylinder compression and an inoperative right magneto. ## Factual narrative On October 18, 2015 at 0745 central daylight time, a Beechcraft 23, N2339J, was substantially damaged during a forced landing near the Humboldt Municipal Airport (M53) Humboldt, Tennessee. The fight instructor and student pilot were not injured. The airplane was registered to Old School Aircraft, LLC and operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as an instructional flight. Visual meteorological conditions were reported near the accident site, and no flight plan was filed.The student pilot arrived to the airplane and conducted his preflight inspection, and confirmed oil and fuel quantities of 6 quarts and 33 gallons respectively. The fuel was strained, and the indications appeared normal. When the flight instructor arrived a short time later, they verified the fuel and oil quantities again. The flight instructor reported that the preflight and engine start were normal. They taxied to the active runway for takeoff. At an altitude of approximately 950 feet above ground level (agl), the engine started to lose power and sounded like it was "missing," according to the student pilot. The engine was generating partial power. The flight instructor took over the controls, checked the fuel, magnetos and applied carburetor heat with no improvement noted. He made a right turn back to the departure airport in order to avoid a residential area immediately north of the airport. He made a series of S-turns to lose altitude and land on runway 22 at M53. Realizing that a highway was immediately off the arrival end of runway 4, and there was a possibility of landing long, he elected to land in a bean field. During landing roll in the field, the nose landing gear sheared off after striking an incline, which resulted in the nose of the airplane striking the ground. Federal Aviation Inspectors examined the airplane after the accident and noted substantial damage to the engine firewall. The airplane was recovered to a storage facility for a more detailed examination. A compression check was performed and all cylinder with the exception of the no. 2 cylinder had compression above 72 psi when a compression tester was used. The no. 2 cylinder would only produce 8 psi of compression. Further examination revealed that carbon deposits were visible on the intake and exhaust valve seats and their respective valve faces. The intake valve would not seat fully due to deposits. The no. 2 cylinder exhaust pipe flange was separated from the cylinder exhaust seat face by about 0.25 in. on the outer left side and the stud was missing the nut and both washers. An examination of the right magneto revealed that it was inoperative. Further disassembly revealed that the permanent magnet breaker end bearing had failed and 6 teeth were missing from the large distributor timing gear. The no. 2 cylinder spark plugs were removed for examination and testing. The top plug tested satisfactorily on a test stand. The bottom plug tested marginally with a weak sparkand there were lead deposits found on the electrode. An annual inspection of the airframe and engine was completed on May 15, 2015. The engine and airframe had accumulated 3,082 hours total time and the engine had accumulated 861 hours since the last major overhaul. About 31 hours had accumulated since the last annual inspection on May 15, 2015. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2339J](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2339J-2016-05-03), registration cancelled 2016-05-03, S/N M-285, built 1963 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: BEECH 23 - Registry model: [Beech 23](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-23) (registry code 1151202) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: M-285 - Year built: 1963 - Airframe hours: 3096 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320 SERIES 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Old School Aircraft LLC - Registered owner: Old School Aircraft LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, August 4, 2015, 31 hours before - Departed: M53, Humboldt, TN - Destination: M53, Humboldt, TN - Airport: M53, Humboldt Muni, runway 4, 4,003 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Auto-pilot ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 44; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: helicopter, airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; last flight review August 8, 2015; seat: right; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 5,340 total, 73 in this make and model, 5,200 as pilot in command, 37 in the last 90 days, 17 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 21; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 25 total, 19 in this make and model, 3 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 36 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 30.48 inHg - Observed at: KMKL, 12 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20151018018399A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20151018018399A), Oct 18, 2015: Beech 23, Humboldt, TN, Substantial damage. On climb out, at approximately 950' MSL, the engine began to misfire. Carburator heat was then applied, but did not improve the situation. Pilot made 180… ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 15, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92194. 7.3 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 809 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40484399&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Statements of Student and Instructor (item 2, .PDF, 26 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40484400&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statements%20of%20Student%20and%20Instructor-Master.PDF - Photo Array (item 3, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40484401&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20Array-Master.PDF - Maintenance Examination Statement (item 4, .PDF, 624 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40484402&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maintenance%20Examination%20Statement-Master.PDF - Maintenance Logs Excerpts (item 5, .PDF, 4.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40484403&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maintenance%20Logs%20Excerpts-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.