# NTSB ERA16LA137: Beech 99, N198WA, Rockland, ME, March 2, 2016 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: March 2, 2016, 08:00 local (13:00 UTC) - Place: Rockland, ME - Coordinates: 44.060001, -69.099166 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.0600&lon=-69.0992&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-IFR final approach: Turbulence encounter](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/360) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 13, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA-FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 92875 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA16LA137 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/92875/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92875 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16LA137 ## Probable cause The airplane’s encounter with isolated severe turbulence, which resulted in substantial airframe damage. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Turbulence: clear air turbulence](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03032015): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on equipment (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 99A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03032015/cases.md?model=1154003), [All aircraft, 78 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03032015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-IFR final approach: Turbulence encounter](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/360) (defining event); cases with it: [Beech 99A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/360/sequence.md?model=1154003), [All aircraft, 423 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/360/sequence.md) ## Analysis The commercial pilot was conducting a nonscheduled cargo flight. The pilot reported that, as the airplane was descending on an instrument approach, it encountered continuous light-to-moderate turbulence. As the airplane descended through about 2,000 ft mean sea level at an airspeed of 130 knots, it encountered severe turbulence, and the pilot subsequently executed a missed approach and chose to divert to an alternate airport. The airplane continued to encounter light-to-moderate turbulence en route to the alternate airport, and the pilot landed the airplane uneventfully. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that the airframe had sustained substantial damage during the flight. Although there were multiple AIRMETs for widespread moderate turbulence and low-level windshear, there were no pilot reports of, nor SIGMETs forecasting, severe turbulence at the time the pilot received her preflight weather briefing. ## Factual narrative On March 2, 2016, about 0800 eastern standard time, a Beech 99A, N198WA, operated by Wiggins Airways Inc., was substantially damaged during approach to Knox County Regional Airport (RKD), Rockland, Maine, following an encounter with severe turbulence. The commercial pilot was not injured. Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) prevailed, and an instrument flight rules flight plan was filed for the flight. The non-scheduled cargo flight was operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135, and originated from Manchester Airport (MHT), Manchester, New Hampshire, around 0730.The pilot stated that the flight was in IMC on descent for the instrument landing system approach to RKD when the airplane encountered an area of continuous light to moderate turbulence. About 2,000 feet mean sea level (msl), and an airspeed about 130 knots, the airplane encountered severe turbulence, and the pilot initiated a missed approach. She decided not to attempt another approach to RKD, and instead diverted to Bangor International Airport (BGR), Bangor, Maine. She stated that the airplane continued to experience light to moderate turbulence enroute to BGR. After landing and securing the airplane, she entered the severe turbulence encounter in the aircraft log book. Examination of the airplane by a Federal Aviation Administration inspector revealed that both wings exhibited skin deformation, and the fuselage side skins were wrinkled. Further examination by a local repair station revealed substantial damage to the right wing root between the fuselage and nacelle, just aft of main spar. The right wing root-to-fuselage fillet fairing was also damaged just aft of the main spar. There were several other areas noted with wrinkled skin on both wings. The pilot held an airline transport certificate with a rating for airplane single-engine land, multi-engine land, and instrument airplane. She also held a first class medical certificate, issued on March 15, 2016. Her last flight review was completed on November 24, 2015. At the time of the accident the pilot reported 3,600 total hours of flight experience, with 2,784 hours in the accident airplane make and model airplane. She had had accumulated 480 hours of flight experience in IMC, of which 295 hours were in the accident airplane make and model. The RKD weather observation at 0756 included wind from 150 degrees at 20 knots, gusting to 30 knots, visibility 4 statute miles in mist, ceiling overcast at 700 feet above ground level, temperature 8 degrees Celsius (C), dew point 7degrees C, and altimeter setting of 29.43 inches of mercury. Peak wind from 150 degrees at 34 knots was recorded at 0716, with pressure falling rapidly. The Terminal Aerodrome Forecast for RKD, valid at the time of the accident, predicted wind from the southeast at 22 knots with gusts to 37 knots, and the potential for low-level wind shear at 2,000 feet, with wind from 180 degrees at 45 knots. The National Weather Serviceissued multiple AIRMETs for the region, which advised of widespread IMC, moderate turbulence, and low-level wind shear. There were no pilot reports (PIREPs) or SIGMETs for severe turbulence in the area. The operator's policy and procedures manual stated that it was a general policy of the company to suspend operations over a route that subjected equipment to unacceptable turbulence. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N198WA](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N198WA-2017-04-25), registration cancelled 2017-04-25, S/N U142, built 1970 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: BEECH 99 (A) - Registry model: [Beech 99A](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-99a) (registry code 1154003) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney PT6A series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-pt6a-series) (registry code 52032, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: U142 - Year built: 1970 - Airframe hours: 13548.3 - Engines: P&W PT6A-27 680 horsepower turbo prop; P&W PT6A-28 680 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 135 - Operator: Wiggins Airways INC - Registered owner: Wiggins Airways INC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, February 5, 2016 - Departed: MHT, MANCHESTER, NH - Destination: RKD, ROCKLAND, ME - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: RKD, Knox County Rgnl - Equipment: Video recording device, Onboard weather, Auto-pilot, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 31; injuries: none; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review November 24, 2015; seat: left; restraint: 4-point; flight hours: 3,600 total, 2,784 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 150° at 20 knots, gusting 30 - Visibility: 4 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 700 ft overcast - Temperature: 46 °F, dew point 45 °F - Altimeter: 29.43 inHg - Observed at: KRKD ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20160302002459A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20160302002459A), Mar 2, 2016: Beech 99A, Rockland, ME, Substantial damage. On the morning of 03/02/2016, BE-99, N198WA, was enroute on flight #WIG1090 from mht to rkd with only the pilot onboard. She was in the clouds, on descent for… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 21, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92875. 5.9 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 4.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446641&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Memorandum for Record - Telephone Interview, Pilot (item 2, .PDF, 53 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446642&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20for%20Record%20-%20Telephone%20Interview,%20Pilot-Master.PDF - Meteorology Summary (item 3, .PDF, 902 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446643&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%20Summary-Master.PDF - Investigation Photographs (Courtesy of Wiggins Airways, Inc.) (item 4, .PDF, 2 photos, 416 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446644&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Investigation%20Photographs%20(Courtesy%20of%20Wiggins%20Airways,%20Inc.)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.