# NTSB ERA18LA011: Cessna 402, N900CR, St. Petersburg, FL, October 18, 2017 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: October 18, 2017, 15:45 local (19:45 UTC) - Place: St. Petersburg, FL - Coordinates: 27.751943, -82.653053 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=27.7519&lon=-82.6531&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute-climb to cruise: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 4 minor; on the ground: 2 minor - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 96209 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA18LA011 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/96209/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96209 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA011 ## Probable cause The pilot's mismanagement of the onboard fuel, which resulted in fuel starvation, a total loss of power to both engines, and a subsequent forced landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 402B, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=207590P), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid management (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 402B, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=207590P), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute-climb to cruise: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 402B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md?model=207590P), [All aircraft, 733 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md) - [Enroute-climb to cruise: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Cessna 402B, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=207590P), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490); cases with it: [Cessna 402B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md?model=207590P), [All aircraft, 1,309 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot departed on the non-scheduled passenger flight with one passenger onboard; the flight was the 3rd leg of a 4-leg trip. About 13 minutes after departure, he advised air traffic control that the airplane was “fuel critical” and requested vectors to the nearest airport, which was about 7 miles away. Both engines subsequently lost total power and the pilot performed a forced landing on a street about 2 miles from the airport, during which the airplane collided with two vehicles. Examination of the airplane revealed substantial damage to the fuel tanks, with evidence of a small fire near the left wingtip fuel tank. Fuel consumption calculations revealed that the airplane would have used about 100 gallons of fuel since its most recent refueling, which was the capacity of the main (wingtip) tanks. Both fuel selectors were found in their respective main tank positions. Given the available information, it is likely that the pilot exhausted all the fuel in the main fuel tanks and starved the engines of fuel. Although the total amount of fuel on board at the start of the flight could not be determined, had all tanks been full, the airplane would have had about 63 gallons remaining in the two auxiliary tanks at the time of the accident. The auxiliary fuel tanks were breached during the accident and quantity of fuel they contained was not determined. Examination of the engines revealed no evidence of any preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative On October 18, 2017, about 1545 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 402B, N900CR, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near St. Petersburg, Florida. The commercial pilot and passenger and two individuals on the ground sustained minor injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135 non-scheduled passenger flight. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) air traffic control records indicated that the airplane departed Tampa International Airport (TPA), Tampa, Florida, at 1526. At 1539, the pilot advised air traffic control that he was “fuel critical” and requested vectors for the nearest airport. The controller provided a heading toward Albert Whitted Airport (SPG), St. Petersburg, Florida, about 7 miles away. The pilot reported that he had 20 minutes of fuel on board. At 1543, while 4 miles from the runway, the pilot was given a vector toward runway 4. The pilot reported the airport in sight, and the controller provided the pilot the SPG tower frequency. There were no further radio transmissions. The airplane landed on a residential street about 2 miles from SPG and collided with two vehicles. Examination of the airplane by an FAA inspector revealed substantial damage to both wings, the horizonal stabilizer, elevator, and nose section. Both wingtips and wingtip fuel tanks were separated from the wings. The left wing tip fuel tank exhibited minor sooting and heat damage. Both auxiliary fuel tanks were damaged and breached. The left engine fuel selector was found in the left main fuel tank position; the right engine fuel selector was in the right main fuel tank position. Examination of the engines revealed no evidence of any preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. Fuel was found in the line between the fuel flow transducer, the fuel manifold valve, and in the fuel manifold valve housing on both engines. According to operator records, the accident occurred during the third leg of a four-leg trip. The records indicated that at the start of the trip, the airplane’s hour meter read 589.0 hours. At the accident scene, it read 592.7 hours. Two of the legs were scheduled with passengers; the other two legs were positioning flights. A review of fueling records revealed that the airplane was fueled with 102.3 gallons the day before the accident. The total amount of fuel on board at the start of the trip was not listed in the company dispatch documents. The pilot did not fuel the airplane at either of the intermediate stops. According to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook, the airplane was equipped with two main wingtip tanks, each with a capacity of 50 usable gallons, and two auxiliary fuel tanks, each with a capacity of 31.5 usable gallons. With full fuel, the published endurance was between 4.8 to 5.4 hours using 73% and 65% power, respectively. The published endurance for 100 gallons of fuel (the capacity of the main fuel tanks) was 3 to 3.3 hours. Fuelconsumption estimates, based on the flight’s itinerary, distances between airports, and performance tables in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook indicated that the airplane would have used about 100 gallons of fuel between the last fueling and the accident. The pilot had 38 hours in the airplane make and model, all of which were flown in the 30 days preceding the accident. The pilot completed his Part 135 checkride the day before the accident. The accident trip was his first solo revenue flight. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N900CR](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N900CR-2020-04-20), registration cancelled 2020-04-20, S/N 402B1356, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 402 (B) - Registry model: [Cessna 402B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-402b) (registry code 207590P) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 402B1356 - Year built: 1978 - Airframe hours: 8971.8 - Engines: CONT MOTOR TSIO-520 E(8) 300 horsepower reciprocating; CONT MOTOR TSIO-520 EB(9) 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Part 135 - Operator: Noble Air Charter Inc - Registered owner: Noble Air Charter Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, August 31, 2017, 34 hours before - Departed: TPA, TAMPA, FL - Destination: SRQ, SARASOTA, FL - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: SPG, Albert Whitted - Equipment: Electronic multifunction display, Auto-pilot, Angle of attack indicator, Stall warning system, Onboard weather ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 36; injuries: minor; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review October 16, 2017; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 654 total, 38 in this make and model, 593 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 38 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 70° at 19 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 72 °F - Altimeter: 30.03 inHg - Observed at: SPG, 2 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20171018014869A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20171018014869A), Oct 18, 2017: Cessna 402B, St. Petersburg, FL, Substantial damage. On October 18, 2017 at approximately 1526 local, a Cessna 402B departed tampa international airport (ktpa) for sarasota/bradenton international airport (ksrq).… ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 11, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96209. 15.8 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 2.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11719359&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01-01%20NTSB%206120%20Reporting%20Form_Redacted_b-Rel.pdf - Pilot's statement (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 129 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11719567&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01-02%20Pilot%20Statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Flight manifest - itinerary - fuel records (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 5.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11719369&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01-04%20Manifest-Itinerary-Fuel%20Records-Rel.pdf - Excerpts from pilot's operating handbook (item 4, PDF, 8 pages, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11719577&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=03-01%20-%20Cessna%20402B%20POH%20Excerpts-Master-Rel.pdf - Fuel calculations (item 5, PDF, 1 page, 49 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11719587&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=03-02%20N900CR%20Fuel%20Use%20Estimates-Rel.pdf - Photos (item 6, PDF, 7 pages, 7 photos, 5.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11719379&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=06-01-%20photo%20array_18LA011-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 569 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11719389&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=09-01%20CMI%20Party%20Form_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Evidence control form (item 8, PDF, 1 page, 132 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11774101&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=09-02%20Evidence-Control-Form_ERA18011_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.