# NTSB ERA18LA087: Aero Commander Callair A 9, N8401V, Bunn, NC, February 24, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: February 24, 2018, 12:30 local (17:30 UTC) - Place: Bunn, NC - Coordinates: 35.926666, -78.248054 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.9267&lon=-78.2481&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Initial climb: Altitude deviation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/282) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 96791 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA18LA087 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/96791/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96791 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA087 ## Probable cause The glider instructor's delayed remedial action when the glider became out of position during aerotow, which resulted in excessive side-loading of the release hook and a delay in the glider's release from tow, which resulted in the towplane’s descent and impact with trees. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: heading/course](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062047): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062047/cases.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 82 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062047/cases.md) - [Aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01020000): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01020000/cases.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 63 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01020000/cases.md) - [Physical characteristic: strength](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02011020): Personnel issues › Physical · Pilot of other aircraft (probable cause); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02011020/cases.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02011020/cases.md) - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Glider tow event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/510); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/510/sequence.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 45 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/510/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Altitude deviation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/282) (defining event); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/282/sequence.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 104 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/282/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=0144202), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor and student on board the glider were conducting an aerotow takeoff with the student manipulating the controls. About 300 ft above ground level (agl), the glider encountered a gust, causing it to move out of position behind the tow plane, and the tow rope developed slack. The student corrected, and as the tow rope tightened, the glider continued up and to the left "at an alarming rate" and became "extremely out of position." The instructor assumed control of the glider and attempted to release from the tow plane, noting that more force than usual was required, and the glider release activated during the third attempt. The glider returned to the runway and landed uneventfully. The pilot of the towplane stated that the tow was "very turbulent" and he noted that the glider was out of position. He stated that the airplane's nose was "suddenly jerked about 35° left" and the tail of the airplane began to rise. He attempted to release the glider, but had difficulty reaching the release handle, and the glider released "a split second before" he was able to do so, at an estimated altitude about 75 ft agl. The airplane's left wing contacted trees and the airplane impacted the ground nearly inverted. Examination of the glider tow release hook revealed that, although the force required to activate the release was higher than that specified in the maintenance manual, this condition did not contribute to the accident, and the flight instructor's difficulty actuating the release mechanism was most likely the result of side-loading of the release mechanism due to the glider being out of position. ## Factual narrative On February 24, 2018, about 1230 eastern standard time, an Aero Commander Callair A-9 (Callair A-9), N8401V, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Bunn, North Carolina. The commercial pilot sustained a minor injury. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 glider tow flight. The flight instructor of the Schweizer SGS-2-33A glider (N1186S) being towed aloft reported that 2 previous flights earlier that day, the student was demonstrating good progress in controlling the glider off tow and showing beginning competency on tow but occasionally required his corrections, which improved on the 2nd flight. The student executed the 3rd takeoff under control and when above the treeline with moderate turbulence which was similar to the conditions during the first 2 flights, a gust occurred. The glider moved down and to the right relative to the tow airplane with resulting slight amount of slack in the tow line. The student made appropriate control inputs to move the glider up and to the left, but the glider continued up and to the left at, "an alarming rate, reminding me of a winch launch, and we zoomed up to a maximum of what [he estimated] as [about] 400 ft [above ground level]", placing the glider in "…extremely out of position." About that time he took over the controls and made large forward and right stick movements, in addition to deploying full spoilers. Because the situation was not improving he determined they needed to release immediately and pulled twice with more force than usually required, then when the glider did not release which he later attributed to the side loads, he looked to confirm he was pulling the correct control and on the 3rd attempt yanked as hard as he could and the tow line released. He maneuvered the glider for an uneventful downwind landing. The pilot of the Callair A-9 reported that the moment the glider became airborne, "it was a very turbulent tow" with the glider moving erratically back and forth. The flight continued and when he looked into the mirror, the glider was out of position, and he noted slack in the towline. The tow line slack went out causing the nose of the airplane to jerk about 35° to the left, which reduced the airspeed considerably. The glider continued to climb, causing the tow plane to be in a nose-low attitude. About that time, he attempted to release the glider, but because of the position of the tow release handle in the cockpit, he had difficulty reaching it. He eventually was able to reach the handle, but the glider released a split second before he could initiate the release. When the glider was released, the airplane was about 75 feet agl, or about 25 to 45 feet above the tree tops. The left wing then impacted trees, and the airplane then impacted the ground nearly fully inverted. The pilot reported no preimpact mechanical failure or malfunction. Postaccident examination of the Callair A-9 by a Federal Aviation Administrationinspector revealed the elevator control cable tensions were near zero and the rigging of the elevator was off related to the position relative to the horizontal stabilizer and the control stick in the cockpit. Examination of the Callair A-9 and Schweizer glider by a mechanic revealed the tow release of the Callair A-9 was within limits, while the tow release of the glider was above the maintenance manual limits; the amount was not specified. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8401V](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N8401V), registered now, S/N 1601, built 1970 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: AERO COMMANDER CALLAIR A 9 (NO SERIES) - Registry model: [Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9](https://openairdocs.org/model/aero-commander-callair-a-9) (registry code 0144202) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-540-series) (registry code 41532, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 1601 - Year built: 1970 - Airframe hours: 4445.06 - Engines: Lycoming O-540-A1D5 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Glider tow, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, July 9, 2017 - Departed: 7NC5, Bunn, NC - Destination: 7NC5, Bunn, NC - Equipment: None ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 74; injuries: minor; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review July 9, 2016; seat: center; restraint: 4-point; flight hours: 12,252 total, 350 in this make and model, 12,100 as pilot in command, 33 in the last 90 days, 18 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 220° at 3 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,500 ft broken - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.23 inHg - Turbulence: Moderate - Observed at: LHZ, 7 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20180224005169A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180224005169A), Feb 24, 2018: Aero Commander CALLAIR A-9, Bunn, NC, Substantial damage. Callair towing Schweizer 2-33 glider in gusty conditions departing runway 22 at Crooked Creek Airport (7NC5). Student in glider with CFI made corrective… ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 17, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96791. 4.0 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 750 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9329980&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Record of NTSB conversation (item 2, PDF, 3 pages, 62 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9328709&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FINAL%20Record%20of%20Conversation%20with%20Frank%20Swett%20Jr_3%207%202018%20V03%20with%20Comments%20Incorporated_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Memorandum for record - glider flight control and tow release postaccident check (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 58 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9330885&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Memorandum%20For%20Record%20-Postaccident%20Flight%20Control%20and%20Tow%20Release%20Checks-Rel.pdf - Documents from federal aviation inspector (item 4, PDF, 11 pages, 2.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9340410&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Documents%20from%20FAA%20Inspector_Redacted-Rel.pdf - FAA inspector statement (item 5, PDF, 3 pages, 3 photos, 249 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9367656&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%20Statement_ERA18LA087-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.