# NTSB ERA18LA210: Champion 7GCAA, N87000, Lakewood, NJ, August 4, 2018

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report
- Date: August 4, 2018, 12:00 local (16:00 UTC)
- Place: Lakewood, NJ
- Coordinates: 40.063888, -74.18222 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.0639&lon=-74.1822&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Maneuvering: Fuel related](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190)
- Highest injury: Minor injuries
- Injuries: 1 minor
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- Investigation class: Class 3
- NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation
- Parties: FAA/FSDO
- SAIBs cited in the narratives: [SAIB CE-09-35](https://openairdocs.org/saib/CE-09-35) (OpenAirDocs)
- NTSB case key (mKey): 97993
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA18LA210
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/97993/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97993
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA210

## Probable cause

The pilot's failure to use carburetor heat in weather conditions conducive to carburetor icing, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power due to the formation of carburetor ice, a forced landing and impact with terrain.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Bellanca 7GCAA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=1220501), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md)
- [Ice/rain protection system: intake anti-ice, deice](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023020): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Not used/operated (probable cause); cases with it: [Bellanca 7GCAA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023020/cases.md?model=1220501), [All aircraft, 108 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023020/cases.md)
- [Temp/humidity/pressure: conducive to carburetor icing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031030): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on equipment (probable cause); cases with it: [Bellanca 7GCAA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031030/cases.md?model=1220501), [All aircraft, 435 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031030/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Maneuvering: Fuel related](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190) (defining event); cases with it: [Bellanca 7GCAA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190/sequence.md?model=1220501), [All aircraft, 361 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190/sequence.md)
- [Emergency descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Bellanca 7GCAA, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=1220501), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The pilot reported that the preflight check, ground operations, and subsequent 2-hour banner-towing flight were uneventful. On final approach, before dropping the banner, about 500 ft above ground level (agl), he reduced the throttle to idle as the airplane descended towards the runway. When the airplane was about tree height, he pitched up and added full throttle, preparing to drop the banner. He stated, "the engine continued to operate but produced very limited power while making abnormal combustion sounds." He verified the mixture was full rich and the throttle was full forward, then released the banner. The airplane was flying low and slow, so he pitched down and elected to land straight ahead. The airplane impacted small pine trees and terrain and the forward portion of the fuselage was substantially damaged. Postaccident examination of the engine revealed no evidence of preimpact mechanical anomalies that would have precluded normal engine operation. The weather conditions at the time of the accident were conducive to the formation of serious carburetor icing at glide engine power settings. The pilot reported that, during the approach, he did not apply carburetor heat and the engine did not produce as much power as expected as he attempted to increase power after dropping the banner. Therefore, it is likely that carburetor ice accumulated during approach, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power.

## Factual narrative

On August 4, 2018, about 1200 eastern daylight time, a Bellanca 7GCAA, N87000, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Lakewood, New Jersey. The pilot sustained minor injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 banner-towing flight. The pilot reported that the preflight and ground operations, including a carburetor heat test, were uneventful. About 1000 he departed runway 24 at Lakewood Airport (N12), Lakewood, New Jersey, with full fuel tanks. After a 2-hour flight, he decided to return to the airport due to weather in the area. On final approach, at an altitude of about 500 ft agl, he reduced the throttle to idle as the airplane descended on the right side of runway 24, towards the banner drop-off area at the end of the runway. The pilot stated that he did not use carburetor heat during the approach. When the airplane was about tree height, the pilot pitched it up and added full throttle, preparing to drop the banner. He stated, "the engine continued to operate but produced very limited power while making abnormal combustion sounds." He verified the mixture was full rich and the throttle was full forward, then released the banner. The airplane was flying low and slow, so he pitched down and elected to land straight ahead. The airplane impacted small pine trees and terrain and came to rest about 500 ft past the departure end of runway 24. A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector performed an onsite examination of the airplane, which came to rest in a nose low, near-vertical position. The forward portion of the fuselage sustained substantial damage. The left wing was separated but still partially attached to the fuselage. Postaccident examination of the engine revealed no evidence of any preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. The engine's crankshaft was manually rotated by turning the propeller, and continuity of the crankshaft and thumb compression was confirmed on each cylinder. There was fuel present in the fuel lines, and the fuel was free of contaminates. At 1155, about 5 minutes before the accident, at Lakehurst Maxfield Airport (NEL), Lakehurst, New Jersey, about 8 miles west of the accident site, included temperature 23°C and dew point 23°C. The calculated relative humidity was 100%. Review of the icing probability chart contained in FAA Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin CE-09-35 revealed that the weather conditions at the time of the accident were "conducive to serious icing at glide [idle] power."

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N87000](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N87000-2020-08-02), registration cancelled 2020-08-02, S/N 297-74, built 1974 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: Champion 7GCAA (No Series)
- Registry model: [Bellanca 7GCAA](https://openairdocs.org/model/bellanca-7gcaa) (registry code 1220501) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 297-74
- Year built: 1974
- Engines: Lycoming O-320 150 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Banner tow, Part 91
- Operator: United Aerial Advertising Of Delaware In
- Registered owner: United Aerial Advertising Of Delaware In
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Departed: N12, Lakewood, NJ
- Destination: N12, Lakewood, NJ
- Airport: N12, Lakewood, runway 24, 2,987 × 60 ft, asphalt
- Equipment: Unknown

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 21; injuries: minor; commercial, private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review August 16, 2017; seat: rear; flight hours: 1,094 total, 26 in this make and model

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 270° at 5 knots
- Visibility: 4 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 1,000 ft broken
- Temperature: 73 °F, dew point 73 °F
- Altimeter: 30.10 inHg
- Observed at: KNEL, 8 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20180804009939A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180804009939A), Aug 4, 2018: Bellanca 7GCAA, Lakewood, NJ, Substantial damage. On 08/04/2018 a banner aircraft, N87000 dropped a banner (panel) in the designated drop zone at Lakewood Airport (N12). According to the pilot, the throttle…

## Docket (5 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 13, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97993. 667 KB in all.

- Pilot's statement (item 1, PDF, 2 pages, 15 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=7860708&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N87000%20Pilot%20Statement-Rel.pdf
- FAA inspector's statement (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 38 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9833212&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=MOR%20-%20FAA%20Inspector-Rel.pdf
- Photo array (item 3, PDF, 4 pages, 457 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=7861148&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf
- Memorandum for record - request for 6120 (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 38 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9833333&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=MOR%20-%20Request%20for%206120-Rel.pdf
- Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 5, PDF, 1 page, 120 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=7875555&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Signed%20Release_Redacted-Rel.pdf

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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