# NTSB ERA19FA020: Bowers Flybaby, N107KW, Milton, FL, October 19, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: October 19, 2018, 10:00 local (15:00 UTC) - Place: Milton, FL - Coordinates: 30.70861, -86.77111 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=30.7086&lon=-86.7711&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report September 23, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA FSDO - SAIBs cited in the narratives: [SAIB CE-09-35](https://openairdocs.org/saib/CE-09-35) (OpenAirDocs) - NTSB case key (mKey): 98513 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA19FA020 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/98513/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98513 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19FA020 ## Probable cause A loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined, and the pilot's subsequent exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall at low altitude. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md?model=05627F1), [All aircraft, 2,247 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=05627F1), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md?model=05627F1), [All aircraft, 990 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=05627F1), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) (defining event); cases with it: [Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md?model=05627F1), [All aircraft, 1,858 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241); cases with it: [Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=05627F1), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was flying the experimental, amateur-built airplane to a nearby airport to conduct touch-and-go takeoffs and landings. Witnesses near the accident site heard the airplane's engine power increasing and decreasing. One witness stated that, about 100 ft above ground level, the airplane's wings started to rock back and forth, then the airplane entered a roll to the left, followed by a steep uncontrolled descent until it impacted with trees and terrain. Postaccident examination of the airplane, engine, and fuel system revealed no mechanical deficiencies that would have precluded normal operation; however, witness reports of repeated fluctuations in power settings, combined with a lack of rotational damage to the propeller, suggest that the engine may have experienced a loss of power. Although conditions at the time of the accident were conducive to serious carburetor icing at glide power settings, the airplane was likely en route and operating at a higher power setting when the engine began to experience a loss of power for reasons that could not be determined based on the available evidence. The accident site was located in an area of numerous fields that would have allowed for a forced landing; whether the pilot was attempting to maneuver to one of these fields could not be determined. The circumstances of the accident are consistent with the pilot's exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack and an aerodynamic stall/spin at low altitude. ## Factual narrative According to FAA airworthiness and airplane maintenance records, the airplane was issued a special airworthiness certificate in the experimental category on September 20, 2008. It was a single place, open cockpit, low wing, tailwheel-equipped airplane constructed of wood and fabric. According to the airplane logbooks, during the last condition inspection on April 26, 2018, the left exhaust stack was repaired with welding; no additional mechanical irregularities were noted during the inspection. On October 19, 2018, at 1000 central daylight time, an experimental, amateur-built Bowers Flybaby, N107KW, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Milton, Florida. The pilot was fatally injured. The flight was conducted as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The owner of the airplane reported that the accident pilot was his friend and an experienced military and airline pilot. He stated that the pilot routinely flew the accident airplane to nearby airports to conduct touch-and-go takeoffs and landings. The owner reported that he assisted the pilot with the preflight inspection before the accident flight; they topped off the fuel tank with 12 gallons of fuel, then the owner "hand propped" the engine with the pilot in the cockpit and watched him depart the airport traffic pattern to the east. During takeoff and climb, the engine sounded "good and solid." Witnesses near the accident site stated that they heard the airplane's engine power increasing and decreasing. One witness stated that the airplane descended to about 100 ft above ground level, just above the treetops, when the wings started to rock back and forth. The airplane then made a left turn to the south, immediately rolled left and descended steeply until impact. An additional witness stated that he heard a "backfire" as the airplane was descending. The Office of Medical Examiner, District One, Florida, performed the autopsy on the pilot and determined that the manner of death was multiple blunt traumatic injuries. Toxicological testing performed on specimens from the pilot by the Federal Aviation Administration Forensic Sciences Laboratory was negative for carbon monoxide, drugs, and ethanol. Review of the FAA SAIB CE-09-35 "Carburetor Icing Prevention" chart showed a potential for serious icing at glide power settings for the conditions near the time of the accident. The pilot had completed the requirements of BasicMed on June 19, 2018. The pilot's logbooks showed a total of 16 hours in the accident airplane make and model as of the last entry recorded on September 23, 2018, with 4.6 hours and 7.1 hours in the previous 30 and 90 days, respectively. The airplane debris path was confined to an area immediately adjacent to the wreckage near 50-ft-tall trees. There were several fresh broken branches in nearby trees. The airplane collided with trees and impacted level terrain on a heading of about 120°. The site was located about 500 ft north of a2-lane highway, about 1,400 ft east of a county road, and 1,000 ft west of a farm pasture. All primary structural components and flight control surfaces were accounted for in the debris field. The cockpit was crushed, but the pilot's four-point harness remained intact. The magneto switch was in the left magneto position and the key was bent at a 90° angle. The throttle control lever was in the out (idle) position and the carburetor heat and engine primer were in the forward (off) position. The engine remained attached to the firewall, which was separated from the fuselage and was partially imbedded in the ground. Both wings separated from the fuselage at impact but remained partially attached by tension wires and control cables. The tail section, including the rudder and elevator, remained attached and showed little damage. Control continuity was established from the rudder, elevator, and ailerons to their respective cockpit controls; there was no evidence of any preimpact failures or malfunctions. One propeller blade was partially fractured about 12 inches from the hub. There was minimal rotational scoring and no evidence of leading edge gouging. The opposing blade remained attached to the hub and was intact. Examination of the engine revealed that oil was present in the rocker boxes and the galleries. Thumb compression and suction on all cylinders was confirmed with the top spark plugs removed through 720° when the engine was rotated at the propeller hub. All valves, pushrods, and springs operated normally, and the rotation was smooth with no anomalies noted. The pistons appeared well-lubricated and there was no interior engine damage observed. The spark plugs were examined and appeared to have minimal wear when compared to the Champion Check-A-Plug chart. The left magneto was not damaged and produced spark from all terminals. The right magneto was damaged by impact forces. The gascolator and its filter were damaged by impact forces and devoid of fuel, but had an odor consistent with 100 low-lead aviation fuel; the fuel filter screen was free of debris. The carburetor was impact damaged near the air intake and throttle disk, but the internal components remained intact; the brass float, plunger, and damper remained in their respective locations and did not appear to be damaged. The fuel line leading to the carburetor contained residual fuel. The 12-gallon fuel tank, which was mounted on the firewall, was breached during the impact and contained about 2 gallons of fuel. A water-finding paste was used to test the fuel and it did not reveal the presence of water. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N107KW](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N107KW-2021-01-19), registration cancelled 2021-01-19, S/N 01, built 2008 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Bowers FLYBABY - Registry model: [Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY](https://openairdocs.org/model/wilson-kelly-l-flybaby) (registry code 05627F1) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Amateur-built UNKNOWN ENG](https://openairdocs.org/engine/amateur-built-unknown-eng) (registry code 99999) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 01 - Year built: 2008 - Engines: Continental A-80-8 80 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, April 26, 2018, 23 hours before - Departed: 8FL6, Harold, FL - Airport: FD93, Yellow River Airstrip - Equipment: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 68; injuries: fatal; flight engineer, airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review August 9, 2018; seat: single; restraint: 4-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 7,859 total, 16 in this make and model, 11.8 in the last 90 days, 4.5 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 90° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,000 ft overcast - Temperature: 75 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 30.26 inHg - Observed at: CEW, 15 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20181019020359A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20181019020359A), Oct 19, 2018: Wilson Kelly L FLYBABY, Holt, FL, Destroyed, 1 fatal. On October 19, 2018 at approximately 1130 CDT, an experimental Flybaby, N107KW, crashed into a field of small trees and scrub approximately 14 NM east of 2R4,… ## Docket (9 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 10, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98513. 10.9 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 968 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486777&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Memorandum of Conversation (3) (item 2, .PDF, 110 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486778&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20of%20Conversation%20(3)-Master.PDF - Memorandum for Record - Witness (item 3, .PDF, 103 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486779&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20for%20Record%20-%20Witness%20-Master.PDF - Pilot Logbook Records Excerpt (item 4, .PDF, 3.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486780&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Logbook%20Records%20Excerpt-Master.PDF - Maintenance Logbook Excerpt (item 5, .PDF, 4.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486781&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maintenance%20Logbook%20Excerpt-Master.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 6, .PDF, 77 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486782&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF - Photo Array-Accident Site and Damage (item 7, .PDF, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486783&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20Array-Accident%20Site%20and%20Damage-Master.PDF - Wreckage Release and Evidence Control (item 8, .PDF, 125 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486784&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Wreckage%20Release%20and%20Evidence%20Control-Master.PDF - Icing Probability Chart (item 9, .PDF, 74 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40486785&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Icing%20Probability%20Chart-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.