# NTSB ERA19FA068: Saberwing Saberwing, N203SW, Adel, GA, December 18, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 2 · Field · Final report - Date: December 18, 2018, 15:00 local (20:00 UTC) - Place: Adel, GA - Coordinates: 31.10361, -83.553054 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=31.1036&lon=-83.5531&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-aerobatics: Aircraft structural failure](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/337) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 2 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: Azalea Aviation LLC, FAA/FSDO, Azalea Aviation LLC., Lycoming - NTSB case key (mKey): 98785 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA19FA068 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/98785/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98785 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19FA068 ## Probable cause The in-flight failure of the fuselage, as a result of the pilot conducting maneuvers that exceeded the structural capabilities of the airplane. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Aircraft capability](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Bothof Larry D SABERWING, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061000/cases.md?model=05635D0), [All aircraft, 57 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061000/cases.md) - [Action: unnecessary action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041045): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Bothof Larry D SABERWING, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041045/cases.md?model=05635D0), [All aircraft, 52 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041045/cases.md) - [Fuselage: longerons/stringers (main fus)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01035313): Aircraft › Aircraft structures · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Bothof Larry D SABERWING, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01035313/cases.md?model=05635D0), [All aircraft, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01035313/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Bothof Larry D SABERWING, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=05635D0), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-aerobatics: Aircraft structural failure](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/337) (defining event); cases with it: [Bothof Larry D SABERWING, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/337/sequence.md?model=05635D0), [All aircraft, 290 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/337/sequence.md) ## Analysis The airplane broke up in-flight and the wreckage was located about 6 miles southwest from the airport, scattered over a large swamp area; there were no witnesses to the accident. Examination of the airplane revealed that the wing forward spar had two significant failure areas on both the left and right wings; one was located at the side of the fuselage and one was located at the outboard wing attach points. This was indicative of shear failure of the rear spar upper attach bolts and tensile overload at the rear spar upper spar cap. The primary wing failures were due to negative overload causing failure of the upper attach points on the left and right wings. High positive loads on the horizontal stabilizers would generate downward bending loads in the fuselage that would be greatest at the rear spar location. Given these findings, it is likely that the pilot performed a pull-up maneuver aggressively or at high speed, possibly while performing aerobatics. The pull up would have generated significant down force on the tail, resulting in the left and right fuselage longerons failing in tensile overload due to the downward bending loads in the fuselage in excess of the structural capabilities of the airplane. This sudden failure would cause the airplane to pitch over violently resulting in the negative overload wing failure. ## Factual narrative The Azalea Saberwing was an experimental, amateur-built, single-engine, low wing, composite airplane with a conventional tail and fixed conventional landing gear. The airplane was primarily manufactured from fiberglass composite sandwich panels using woven and unidirectional fiberglass cloth with foam core that was infused with resin. The fuselage bulkheads, wing spars, and tail spars were constructed of wood. The center portion of the wing, about 7 ft long, was bonded in the lower fuselage during construction, and the outboard portions of the wings were attached through bolted fittings on the forward and aft spars. The forward and aft wing spars were a wooden box design with Sitka spruce spar caps and ribs and Birch plywood webs. On December 18, 2018, about 1500 eastern standard time, an experimental amateur-built Azalea Saberwing, N203SW, was destroyed during an inflight breakup near Adel, Georgia. The private pilot was fatally injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. According to a witness, the pilot was flying in the traffic pattern at the Cook County Airport (15J), Adel, Georgia, before departing the area to the west. Another witness, located about 6 miles west of 15J, arrived home and observed airplane parts scattered in his yard. There were no witnesses to the accident. The Division of Forensic Sciences, Georgia Bureau of Investigation, performed an autopsy on the pilot. His cause of death was multiple blunt force injuries. Toxicology testing performed at the FAA Forensic Sciences Laboratory was negative for carbon monoxide, ethanol, and drugs. The wreckage was located in a swampy area 6 miles southwest from 15J; the wreckage field was about 6,000 ft long by 1,000 ft wide. The fuselage fractured near the aft wing spar; additionally, the left and right outboard wings, vertical stabilizer, rudder, horizontal stabilizer, and elevator were dispersed amongst the wreckage field consistent with an inflight breakup of the airplane. At the beginning of the debris field, the vertical stabilizer was located; it was separated into 2 pieces. The next part that was located was the rudder, which was separated from the vertical stabilizer. The entire horizontal stabilizer assembly was then located, with both elevators still attached and intact. There was no damage to the aft fuselage below the tail. The left flap assembly was located next along the debris path on the left side of the debris field. The right wing assembly was located on the right side of the debris field and included the aileron, flap, and landing gear assembly. The empennage was found forward of the right wing assembly. The cockpit and engine were found near the end of the debris field. The engine remained attached to the engine mounts and attached to the firewall of the cockpit section. All three propeller blades were broken at the propeller hub. All of the propeller blades had scoring and impact marks throughout the span ofthe blades. The left wing was not located during the initial search but was later found on February 1, 2019, in the swamp near where the cockpit was located. Examination of the fuselage longerons that ran below the canopy revealed that they had fractured in tension overload, on both sides of the fuselage near the location of the rear spar. The tensile fractures were consistent with fuselage bending in the downward direction. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N203SW](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N203SW-2019-10-05), registration cancelled 2019-10-05, S/N 003 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Saberwing Saberwing - Registry model: [Bothof Larry D SABERWING](https://openairdocs.org/model/bothof-larry-d-saberwing) (registry code 05635D0) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 003 - Year built: 2017 - Airframe hours: 101 - Engines: Lycoming XIO-360-M1B 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, July 15, 2018, 27 hours before - Departed: 15J, Adel, GA - Destination: 15J, Adel, GA - Equipment: Data recorder ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 56; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3; restraint: 4-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,100 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 3 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 36 °F - Altimeter: 30.06 inHg - Observed at: MGR, 13 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20181218022099A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20181218022099A), Dec 18, 2018: Bothof Larry D SABERWING, Adel, GA, Destroyed, 1 fatal. On December 18, 2018 at approximately 1600 local time an amateur built aircraft, model; Saberwing, N203SW, serial number 003 crash in Adel Georgia. Aircraft… ## Docket (12 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 9, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98785. - Cook county sheriff's report (item 1, PDF, 6 pages): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9751347&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Cook%20County%20Case%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Memorandum of record - witness statement (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 107 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9822888&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Memorandum%20Of%20Record%20witness%20statement%20Mintally-Rel.pdf - Maintenance records (item 3, PDF, 16 pages, 15.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9750912&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Aircraft%20logbook%20excerpts%20N203SW_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Engine examination summary (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 46 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9751098&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA19FA068%20engine%20examination-Rel.pdf - Structures group chairman's factual report (item 5, PDF, 6 pages, 65 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=8688581&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA19FA068%20Structures%20Factual-Rel.pdf - Structures group chairman's factual report - appendix a - figures (item 6, PDF, 4 pages, 6 photos, 321 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=8688590&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA19FA068%20Structures%20Appendix%20A%20-%20Figures-Rel.pdf - Wreckage debris path (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 162 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9750603&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA198FA068%20wreckage%20diagram-Rel.pdf - Toxicological report (item 8, PDF, 1 page, 455 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9751650&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Toxicology%20Report%20FA068_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 9, PDF, 12 pages, 6.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9751107&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Party%20Form%20FA068_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photo array (item 10, PDF, 6 pages, 645 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9765869&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array%20FA068-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 11, PDF, 2 pages, 785 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9770885&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Release%20of%20Wreckage%20FA068_Redacted%201-Rel.pdf - Evidence control form (item 12, PDF, 3 pages, 112 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11326639&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Evidence-Control-Form%2019FA068_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.