# NTSB ERA19LA037: Cessna 150, N3515J, Woodstock, GA, November 4, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 4, 2018, 09:33 local (14:33 UTC) - Place: Woodstock, GA - Coordinates: 34.111389, -84.449165 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.1114&lon=-84.4492&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Initial climb: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal, 1 serious - Status: Completed, report April 20, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: Textron Aviation, FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 98604 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA19LA037 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/98604/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98604 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19LA037 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during the initial climb in gusting wind conditions, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and loss of control. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of recent flight experience. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150E, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2071812), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150E, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2071812), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Experience/qualifications: recent experience](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031035): Personnel issues › Experience/knowledge · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150E, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031035/cases.md?model=2071812), [All aircraft, 76 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031035/cases.md) - [Wind: gusts](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150E, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045/cases.md?model=2071812), [All aircraft, 1,199 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Initial climb: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 150E, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=2071812), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240); cases with it: [Cessna 150E, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=2071812), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 150E, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2071812), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The private pilot and student pilot passenger were departing on a local personal flight from a 2,000-ft-long turf runway. The passenger reported that the airplane seemed to "struggle to climb" after clearing trees near the end of the runway. He heard the stall warning horn activate, and the airplane descended into trees and impacted the ground. Witnesses reported that the airplane "wobbled" as it climbed and that the right wing dropped before the airplane crashed into the woods. Although the airplane's most recent annual inspection was completed about 8 years before the accident, examination of the airframe and engine did not reveal any evidence of a preaccident malfunction or anomaly. A review of the pilot's logbook revealed no current flight review or recent flight experience, and the pilot did not hold a current medical certificate. Reported wind conditions at a nearby airport indicated that a quartering tailwind may have been present about the time of the accident, with gusts up to 20 knots. Based on the available information, it is likely that the pilot failed to maintain airspeed during the initial climb in gusting wind conditions, which resulted in an exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack, an aerodynamic stall, and loss of control. ## Factual narrative The all-metal, two-place, high-wing, single-engine airplane incorporated a fixed tricycle landing gear. The airplane was equipped with a Continental O-200-A, 100-horsepower reciprocating engine and a McCauley fixed-pitch metal propeller. The airplane was manufactured in 1965 and was purchased by the pilot in August 2007, and later sold to the student pilot in May 2014. According to the aircraft and engine logbooks, the most recent annual inspection was completed on June 17, 2010. The airplane had been flown about 61 hours since the last inspection. The total airframe time according to the logbooks was 2,586 hours. The engine had accrued 968 hours since major overhaul. 5GA4 was a private-use airport with a single turf runway, oriented north-south. The runway was 2,000 ft long and 100 ft wide. The airport was equipped with a windsock and no weather reporting equipment. Numerous areas of forested land were located at the boundaries of the airport. On November 4, 2018, about 0933 eastern standard time, a Cessna 150E, N3515J, was substantially damaged after a collision with trees and terrain at Air Acres Airport (5GA4), Woodstock, Georgia. The private pilot was fatally injured, and the passenger was seriously injured. The airplane was privately owned and was operated by the pilot as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the local flight, which was originating at the time of the accident. According to the passenger, who possessed a student pilot certificate, the flight departed to the north on runway 36. After clearing trees near the end of the runway, the airplane seemed to "struggle to climb." He heard the stall warning horn activate, and the airplane subsequently descended into the trees. Two witnesses saw the airplane as it crossed the departure end of runway 36. They reported that the airplane "wobbled" and that the right wing dropped before the airplane descended into the trees. The pilot died in the hospital on November 7, 2018, 3 days after the accident. The State of Georgia death certificate listed the cause of death as hemorrhage as a result of the airplane crash. An autopsy and toxicology testing were not performed. Cobb County International Airport (RYY), Kennesaw, Georgia, was located about 9 miles southwest of the accident site. The RYY weather at 0948 included wind from 120º at 13 knots with gusts to 20 knots, 10 statute miles visibility, clear sky, temperature 14°C, dew point 4°C, and altimeter setting 30.31 inches of mercury. Cherokee County Airport (CNI), Canton, Georgia, was located about 12 miles north of the accident site. The CNI weather at 0930 included wind from 080º at 12 knots with gusts to 18 knots, 10 statute miles visibility, clear sky, temperature 12°C, dew point 3°C, and altimeter setting 30.33 inches of mercury. The pilot, age 74, held a private pilot certificate with an airplane single-engine land rating. He reported877 total hours of flight experience on his most recent Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) third class medical certificate application, dated December 18, 2014. The certificate expired for all classes on December 31, 2016. The pilot had not applied for BasicMed. Review of the pilot's logbook revealed that the last recorded flight with a legible date occurred in November 2006. There were no flight reviews recorded in the logbook; however, there were flights logged indicating that the pilot received dual instruction. The passenger in the right seat held an FAA student pilot and third-class medical certificate, dated June 8, 2017. He reported 30 hours total flight time. An FAA inspector responded to the accident site and examined the wreckage. The airplane impacted terrain in a heavily-wooded area about 750 ft north-northwest of the departure end of runway 36. The wings, fuselage, and empennage sustained impact damage. The left main landing gear separated during the impact sequence. All major components of the airplane were accounted for at the site. There was no fire. Both wing fuel tanks were breached; however, some residual fuel was observed in each tank. The wreckage was moved to 5GA4 for further examination. The right wing displayed compression damage from contact with trees inboard of the wing strut. The left wing displayed substantial compression damage to the leading edge at midspan. The empennage was fractured forward of the vertical stabilizer. The nose gear was forced up and aft into the engine cowling from impact forces. Rudder control cable continuity was established from the rudder pedals to the empennage, where the turnbuckles had been disconnected by recovery personnel. Elevator and aileron control cable continuity was established from the cockpit to the control surfaces. The left wing was removed by recovery personnel. Control cable continuity of the manual wing flaps was established; however, the position at impact could not be established. The fuel strainer contained automotive gasoline. No contaminants were noted. The engine was rotated using the cockpit starter control. Suction and compression were observed on each cylinder and internal engine continuity was confirmed. The top spark plug was removed from each cylinder. The electrodes exhibited light wear and normal color when compared to a Champion Check-A-Plug chart. Both magnetos sparked on all leads when rotated. The propeller remained attached to the engine. One blade exhibited s-bending and chordwise scratching. The other blade was curled forward at the tip. Both blades exhibited rotational impact signatures. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3515J](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3515J-2020-10-03), registration cancelled 2020-10-03, S/N 15061215, built 1965 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 150 (E) - Registry model: [Cessna 150E](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-150e) (registry code 2071812) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-200 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-200-series) (registry code 17020, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15061215 - Year built: 1965 - Airframe hours: 2586 - Engines: Continental O-200-A 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, June 17, 2010, 61 hours before - Departed: 5GA4, Woodstock, GA - Destination: 5GA4, Woodstock, GA - Airport: 5GA4, Air Acres, runway 36, 2,000 × 100 ft, grass/turf - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 74; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 877 total - Pilot-rated passenger; age 56; injuries: serious; student; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; seat: right; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 30 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 120° at 13 knots, gusting 20 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 57 °F, dew point 39 °F - Altimeter: 30.30 inHg - Turbulence: Unknown - Observed at: KRYY, 9 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20181104021499A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20181104021499A), Nov 4, 2018: Cessna 150E, Woodstock, GA, Destroyed, 1 fatal. On November 04, 2018, approximately 0930 a Cessna aircraft model 150E departed a private airstrip north of atlanta the aircraft departed from runway 18. Once… ## Docket (10 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 19, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98604. 6.8 MB in all. - Passenger's Written Statement (item 1, .PDF, 110 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481375&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Passenger%27s%20Written%20Statement-Master.PDF - Witness Statement C Carpenter (item 2, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481376&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement%20C%20Carpenter-Master.PDF - Witness Statement K Carpenter (item 3, .PDF, 785 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481377&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement%20K%20Carpenter-Master.PDF - Excerpt - Airframe Logbook (item 4, .PDF, 182 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481379&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Excerpt%20-%20Airframe%20Logbook-Master.PDF - Excerpt - Engine Logbook (item 5, .PDF, 160 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481380&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Excerpt%20-%20Engine%20Logbook-Master.PDF - Weather Data (item 6, .PDF, 349 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481381&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Data-Master.PDF - Photo Array (item 7, .PDF, 2.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481382&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20Array-Master.PDF - Wreckage Diagram (item 8, .PDF, 181 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481383&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Wreckage%20Diagram-Master.PDF - NTSB Memo for Record - Wreckage Examination (item 9, .PDF, 467 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481384&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=NTSB%20Memo%20for%20Record%20-%20Wreckage%20Examination-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 10, .PDF, 499 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40481385&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.