# NTSB ERA19LA139: Marlow Bearhawk, N22GM, Sevierville, TN, March 27, 2019 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: March 27, 2019, 16:30 local (20:30 UTC) - Place: Sevierville, TN - Coordinates: 35.83361, -83.494445 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.8336&lon=-83.4944&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 99188 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA19LA139 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/99188/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=99188 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19LA139 ## Probable cause Abnormal combustion in the No. 1 cylinder for reasons that could not be determined based on the available evidence, followed by the activation of the ignition system circuit breaker, which resulted in a total loss of engine power. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine fuel and control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057300): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Marlow Gregory S BEARHAWK, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057300/cases.md?model=05637W0), [All aircraft, 49 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057300/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) (defining event); cases with it: [Marlow Gregory S BEARHAWK, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=05637W0), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Marlow Gregory S BEARHAWK, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=05637W0), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Marlow Gregory S BEARHAWK, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05637W0), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that the experimental, amateur-built airplane experienced a total loss of engine power while maneuvering at an altitude of 2,500 ft mean sea level. He activated the electronic fuel injection/ignition system emergency power switch and attempted to restart the engine, but was unsuccessful. He performed a forced landing to a field, during which the airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing and fuselage. A review of engine and flight data recorded by the electronic flight information system revealed a sudden increase (about 240°F over 1 second) in exhaust gas temperature (EGT) in the No. 1 cylinder, consistent with abnormal combustion immediately preceded the loss of engine power. Shortly thereafter, the engine rpm began to decrease, and the electrical system load increased by about 8 amps, then decreased by about 17 amps. The engine rpm continued to decrease for the next 2.5 minutes, consistent with a windmilling propeller, before it reached 900 rpm and then decreased to 0 rpm just prior to the landing. The electronic ignition circuit breaker was found activated. The reason for the abnormal combustion and the activation of the electronic ignition circuit breaker which resulted in a total loss of engine power could not be determined based on the available information. ## Factual narrative On March 27, 2019, about 1630 eastern daylight time, an experimental, amateur-built Bearhawk airplane, N22GM, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident in Sevierville, Tennessee. The airline transport pilot was not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. According to the pilot, about 45 minutes after takeoff, while in a left turn at an altitude of about 2,000 ft mean sea level (msl), the engine lost all power. He attempted to restart the engine but was unsuccessful. During the attempt, he noticed that the fuel pressure was about 25 to 30 psi, which was 5-10 psi lower than normal. He activated the electronically-controlled fuel injection/ignition system “emergency power” switch (which provides a predetermined amount of fuel to the engine to allow it to “limp home”), but power was not restored. The propeller continued to windmill as the pilot prepared the airplane for a forced landing. The pilot landed in a nearby field, but was unable to stop the airplane before a steep downslope, and the airplane came to rest upright in a creek at the edge of the field. The pilot reported that he departed with about 40 gallons of fuel. He estimated at the time the engine lost power, the airplane had about 20 gallons in the left tank and 10 gallons in the right tank. He said that both of the wing fuel shutoff valves (one for each wing tank) were in the “open” position when the engine lost power. The pilot further reported that the wing fuel tanks fed a header tank in the fuselage, which fed fuel to the engine. The engine was a Superior/Barrows model IO-360-B1XC2 equipped with computer-controlled electronic fuel injection and electronic ignition systems. Examination of the wreckage by a Federal Aviation Administration inspector revealed that the left wing was crushed aft outboard of the wing strut, and fuselage frame tubes were damaged in several locations. First responders observed fuel leaking from the left wing upon their arrival. The airplane was equipped with two Dynon model SV-HDX800 electronic flight instrument displays, which recorded engine and flight data parameters. A review of the recorded data revealed that, as the airplane was at a pressure altitude of 2,885 ft (about 2,500 ft msl) and an airspeed of 92 knots, a sudden rise in exhaust gas temperature in the No. 1 cylinder occurred. The rise was from 760° to 892°C (1,400° to 1,638°F, respectively) within about 1 second. About 3 seconds later, the fuel flow, fuel pressure, and manifold pressure all began to rise, the engine speed decreased from 2,054 to 1,525 rpm, and the electrical system amperage rose from 23 to 31 amps. Shortly thereafter, the engine power briefly increased to 1,821 rpm, and then began to decrease. At that time, the electrical system amperage decreased to about 14 amps, about 9 amps below what it was prior to the “spike” upward to 31 amps. The engine rpm continued to decrease for the next 2.5 minutes,before it reached 900 rpm, then decreased to 0 rpm just prior to the landing. A photograph of the instrument panel taken by the salvager showed a circuit breaker labeled “IGN” (10 amps) was in the “out” or activated position. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N22GM](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N22GM-2021-12-04), registration cancelled 2021-12-04, S/N 59-187/188-829, built 2018 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: MARLOW Bearhawk - Registry model: [Marlow Gregory S BEARHAWK](https://openairdocs.org/model/marlow-gregory-s-bearhawk) (registry code 05637W0) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Amateur-built UNKNOWN ENG](https://openairdocs.org/engine/amateur-built-unknown-eng) (registry code 99999) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 59-187/188-829 - Year built: 2018 - Airframe hours: 44 - Engines: Superior/Barrows IO-360-B1XC2 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, January 23, 2019, 4 hours before - Departed: 97TN, Jonesborough, TN - Equipment: Onboard weather, Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display, ADS-B, Angle of attack indicator, Auto-pilot ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 52; injuries: none; airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: basicmed, without waivers/limitations; last flight review June 11, 2018; seat: left; restraint: 4-point; flight hours: 15,000 total, 43 in this make and model, 1,500 as pilot in command, 28 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 36 °F - Altimeter: 30.29 inHg - Observed at: DKX, 20 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20190327002049A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20190327002049A), Mar 27, 2019: Marlow Gregory S BEARHAWK, Sevierville, TN, Substantial damage. While in VFR cruise flight at approximately 3000 MSL in the vicinity of gatlinburg-pigeon forge airport (kgkt) , the experimental amateur built aircraft… ## Docket (9 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 19, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=99188. 23.4 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 2.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12595682&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01-01%20NTSB%206120%20report%20N22GM_print_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Memorandum for record - conversation with pilot (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 202 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12594841&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01-03%20FINAL%20Record%20of%20Conversation%20with%20Gregory%20Marlow%203%2027%202019%20v02%20with%20Comments_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Sevier county sheriff investigative report (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12595116&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01-04%20Sevier%20County%20Investigative%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Memorandum for record - conversation with FAA inspector (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 207 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12595466&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01-05%20Memorandum%20for%20Record%20-%20conversation%20with%20FAA%20Inspector_ERA19LA139-Rel.pdf - Maintenance records (item 5, PDF, 12 pages, 8.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12595692&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=03-02%20Maintenance%20Logbooks_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Investigative photographs (item 6, PDF, 3 pages, 3 photos, 2.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12594808&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=06-01-%20photo%20array_ERA19LA139-Rel.pdf - Electronic flight information system recorded data - charts (item 7, PDF, 26 pages, 3.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12595598&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=08-01%20EFIS%20Recorded%20Data%20-%20Charts-Rel.pdf - Electronic flight information system recorded data - tabular data (item 8, CSV, 5.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12595205&FileExtension=csv&FileName=08-01%20EFIS%20Recorded%20Data%20-%20Tabular-Rel.csv - Evidence control form (item 9, PDF, 2 pages, 294 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12595764&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=09-02%20Evidence-Control-Form_ERA19LA139_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.