# NTSB ERA20CA146: Cessna 172, N734HF, Hollywood, FL, April 1, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: April 1, 2020, 14:30 local (18:30 UTC) - Place: Hollywood, FL - Coordinates: 26.001111, -80.240837 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=26.0011&lon=-80.2408&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR go-around: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 3, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 101153 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA20CA146 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/101153/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101153 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20CA146 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to apply full engine power during the initiation of a go-around in gusting wind conditions and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall at low altitude, and the flight instructor's delayed remedial action. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 990 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md) - [Wind: gusts](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,199 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Other weather encounter](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,127 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400/sequence.md) - [Approach-VFR go-around: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that, during a flight review, the private pilot completed five touch-and-go landings in gusting wind conditions. During the landing flare for the sixth touch-and-go landing, a strong wind gust forced the airplane out of ground effect, and the instructor called for a go-around. During the go-around, the pilot did not add full power, and the instructor took the flight controls; however, the airplane had already stalled. Subsequently, the airplane descended, impacted the left side of the runway, continued off the runway into grass, and nosed over. The right wing and vertical stabilizer sustained substantial damage. The instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunction or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The flight instructor reported that during a flight review, the private pilot had completed 6 touch and go landings, in gusty wind conditions. During the subsequent approach, while the airplane was in the landing flare, a strong wind gust forced the airplane out of ground effect, and the instructor called for a go-around. The instructor reported during the go-around, the private pilot did not add full power, and he took the flight controls, however, as he did so, the airplane was already in an aerodynamic stall. Subsequently, the airplane descended, rolled to the left, and impacted the left side of the runway, where it continued into the grass and nosed over. The right wing and vertical stabilizer sustained substantial damage. The flight instructor reported that there were no mechanical malfunction or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operations. ## Aircraft - Registration: N734HF (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172 (N) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17268861 - Year built: 1977 - Airframe hours: 7106 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-H2AD 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Aeroflyin Corp, doing business as Icaro Learn2fly - Registered owner: Aeroflyin Corp - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, March 25, 2020 - Departed: HWO, Hollywood, FL - Destination: HWO, Hollywood, FL - Airport: HWO, North Perry, runway 28R, 3,241 × 100 ft, asphalt - Equipment: ADS-B, Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 24; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review November 22, 2019; seat: right; flight hours: 2,328.3 total, 1,867.4 in this make and model, 2,284.3 as pilot in command, 200.3 in the last 90 days, 50 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours - Pilot; age 31; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 1,640.1 total, 340 in this make and model, 335.2 as pilot in command, 6.6 in the last 90 days, 3.4 in the last 30 days, 0.2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 13 knots, gusting 22 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 29.81 inHg - Observed at: HWO ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20200401002969A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20200401002969A), Apr 1, 2020: Cessna 172N, Hollywood, FL, Destroyed. N734HF, C172, while attempting touch and goes runway 28R at North Perry Airport (hwo), went off the side of the runway and came to rest inverted between runway… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 26, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101153. 1.4 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 700 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40483944&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Record of Conversation-FAA (item 2, .PDF, 27 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40483945&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation-FAA-Master.PDF - Record of Weather (item 3, .PDF, 133 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40483947&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Weather-Master.PDF - Photo Array_Accident Site and Damage (item 4, .PDF, 563 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40483948&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20Array_Accident%20Site%20and%20Damage-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.