# NTSB ERA20LA047: Cessna 172, N2876Q, Potts Camp, MS, December 4, 2019 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: December 3, 2019, 21:30 local (Dec 4, 2019, 03:30 UTC) - Place: Potts Camp, MS - Coordinates: 34.64611, -89.305274 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.6461&lon=-89.3053&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute-cruise: Fuel related](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA FSDO - SAIBs cited in the narratives: [SAIB CE-09-35](https://openairdocs.org/saib/CE-09-35) (OpenAirDocs) - NTSB case key (mKey): 100652 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA20LA047 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/100652/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100652 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20LA047 ## Probable cause The pilot’s delayed use of carburetor heat, which resulted in carburetor icing and a subsequent total loss of engine power. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172L, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2072432), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) - [Ice/rain protection system: intake anti-ice, deice](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023020): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Not used/operated (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172L, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023020/cases.md?model=2072432), [All aircraft, 108 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023020/cases.md) - [Temp/humidity/pressure: conducive to carburetor icing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031030): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on equipment (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172L, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031030/cases.md?model=2072432), [All aircraft, 435 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031030/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute-cruise: Fuel related](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172L, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190/sequence.md?model=2072432), [All aircraft, 361 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 172L, 21 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072432), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was conducting a flight at night when, about 20 minutes after departure, there was a total loss of engine power. He declared an emergency with air traffic control and was given radar vectors by the controller to a nearby airport, which was directly ahead of the airplane and 17 miles away. After the pilot established best glide speed and performed the emergency checklist, which included activating carburetor heat, the engine briefly restarted but lost total power a second time. The pilot then maneuvered the airplane for a forced landing on a highway. During touchdown, the airplane bounced, flipped over, and came to rest inverted, which resulted in the pilot’s serious injuries and substantial damage to the airplane. Postaccident examination of the engine and associated components revealed no mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation; adequate fuel was onboard, and no contamination was discovered. The carburetor heat control was found in the ON position. The weather conditions at the time of the accident were conducive to the accumulation of serious carburetor icing at cruise power. Although the pilot reported performing the emergency checklist, which included applying carburetor heat, it was applied sometime after the initial loss of power. The accumulation of ice in the carburetor was likely sufficient to prevent the continued operation of the engine. The loss of engine power may have been prevented had the pilot preemptively activated carburetor heat. ## Factual narrative On December 3, 2019, about 2130 central standard time, a Cessna 172L N2876Q, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Potts Camp, Mississippi. The private pilot sustained serious injuries. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations as a Part 91 personal flight. The pilot reported that he conducted an instructional flight with a flight instructor earlier during the day and flew 1.5 hours from Olive Branch Airport (OLV) Olive Branch, Mississippi, to Tupelo Regional Airport (TUP) Tupelo, Mississippi. He then returned to OLV, where they landed about 1400 and “topped off” the fuel tanks with 12.8 gallons of 100 low-lead aviation fuel, which brought the total to about 40 gallons. The previous flight was unremarkable with no engine indications or anomalies noted. Several hours later, the pilot conducted a night solo flight about 1900. After departure, he flew to McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport (MKL), Jackson, Tennessee, and conducted some sightseeing; then he proceeded to TUP, where he performed a touch-and-go landing before returning to OLV at a cruise altitude of 3,000 ft mean sea level. There were no indications or anomalies noticed during the flight until the engine experienced a total loss of power about 20 minutes after departing TUP and about 2 hours since departing from OLV. He declared an emergency with Memphis air traffic control. The pilot successfully restarted the engine by establishing best glide speed and performing the emergency checklist, which included activating carburetor heat; the responding controller provided heading and distance to Holly Springs-Marshall County Airport (M41) Holly Springs, Mississippi, which was at 12 o’clock and 17 miles. The pilot acknowledged and informed the controller that he would head to M41 if his engine continued to operate, but it failed a second and final time about 5 minutes after restart. The controller asked the pilot if he was familiar with highway 78, which the pilot acknowledged and reported the highway was in sight. He also informed the controller that his carburetor heat was “all the way out.” During approach to the highway, the airplane cleared a bridge, but the airspeed was degrading, and he was not sure if he would clear the second bridge. He decided to land on the left side of the road prior to the second bridge and attempted to avoid a concrete structure; however, during the landing, the airplane bounced then struck terrain before flipping over and coming to rest inverted. Examination by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector revealed that the airplane was substantially damaged during the impact. Both wings were deformed, and the right wing was folded down about 12 inches outboard of the wing strut, damaging the wing spar. The nose landing gear was sheared off and there was damage to the bottom of the engine compartment and multiple buckles in the airframe. The two-blade metalpropeller was undamaged, and the spinner was crushed uniformly. In addition, about 18 gallons of fuel was recovered from the airplane (13 gallons in the left tank and 5 gallons in the right tank and fuel was observed in the fuel bowl). A more comprehensive examination confirmed crankshaft continuity through 720° of rotation, with observed thumb compression on all cylinders. All spark plugs were removed and examined; they all exhibited normal wear and were light gray in color when compared to the Champion Check-A-Plug Chart. About 6 quarts of oil was observed in the engine and the oil filter presented no evidence of foreign material or blockages. Both left and right magneto input drives were rotated and produced spark on all towers. Fuel was observed in the gascolator and carburetor and no anomalies were observed in the functionality of the carburetor or fuel accelerator pump. No water was detected in any of the systems. The fuel selector functionality was confirmed. The carburetor heat control was in the ON position and remained attached to the carburetor heat box. The examination of the wreckage and engine revealed no evidence of any preimpact mechanical anomalies that would preclude normal engine operation or airplane performance. According to the FAA Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin (SAIB) CE-09-35 Carburetor Icing chart, weather conditions at the time of the accident were conducive to the formation of serious carburetor icing at cruise power settings. Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin (CE-09-35) – Carburetor Icing Prevention, stated that: …pilots should be aware that carburetor icing doesn't just occur in freezing conditions, it can occur at temperatures well above freezing temperatures when there is visible moisture or high humidity. Icing can occur in the carburetor at temperatures above freezing because vaporization of fuel, combined with the expansion of air as it flows through the carburetor, (Venturi Effect) causes sudden cooling, sometimes by a significant amount within a fraction of a second. Carburetor ice can be detected by a drop in rpm in fixed pitch propeller airplanes and a drop in manifold pressure in constant speed propeller airplanes. In both types, usually there will be a roughness in engine operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2876Q](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2876Q-2021-05-08), registration cancelled 2021-05-08, S/N 17259876, built 1971 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172 (L) - Registry model: [Cessna 172L](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172l) (registry code 2072432) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17259876 - Year built: 1971 - Airframe hours: 3778.4 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, October 13, 2019, 10 hours before - Departed: TUP, Tupelo, MS - Destination: OLV, Olive Branch, MS - Flight plan: VFR - Equipment: Onboard weather, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Auto-pilot, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 60; injuries: serious; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: basicmed, without waivers/limitations; last flight review October 3, 2019; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 530 total, 348 in this make and model, 450 as pilot in command, 32.2 in the last 90 days, 16.1 in the last 30 days, 4.1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 41 °F, dew point 37 °F - Altimeter: 29.91 inHg - Observed at: OLV, 31 nm away - METAR: METAR KOLV 040255Z AUTO 00000KT 10SM CLR 05/03 A2991 RMK A01= ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20191203022159A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20191203022159A), Dec 3, 2019: Cessna 172L, Potts Camp, MS, Destroyed. On 12/3/2019, made two flights with a CFII with no issues noted with the aircraft. The pilot refueled the aircraft with 40 gallons and performed a pre-flight… ## Docket (9 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 28, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100652. 380 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 8 pages, 125 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12760165&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120_Redacted-Rel.pdf - FAA record of conversation (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 119 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13007664&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Record%20of%20Conversation-Rel.pdf - FAA inspectors report (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 57 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13007079&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Accident%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Memphis ATC summary of flight excerpt (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 146 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13007069&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Memphis%20ATC%20Summary%20of%20Flight%20Excerpt-Rel.pdf - Pilot logbook excerpt (item 5, PDF, 3 pages, 224 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13007827&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pilot%20Logbook%20Excerpt_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Engine and airframe maintenance records excerpt (item 6, PDF, 9 pages, 16.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13007690&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Engine%20and%20Airframe%20Maintenance%20Records%20Excerpts_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Fuel receipt (item 7, PDF, 2 pages, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13047112&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Fuel%20Receipt_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Carburetor icing chart (item 8, PDF, 1 page, 249 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13007700&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Carburetor%20Icing%20Probablity%20Chart-Rel.pdf - Photo array_accident site and airplane damage (item 9, PDF, 5 pages, 12.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13006406&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Accident%20Site%20and%20Damage%20Photographs-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.