# NTSB ERA20LA057: Piper PA32, N4726S, Florida, MA, December 20, 2019 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: December 20, 2019, 18:00 local (23:00 UTC) - Place: Florida, MA - Coordinates: 42.663055, -73.017776 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.6631&lon=-73.0178&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute-cruise: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 2 minor - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 100730 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA20LA057 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/100730/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100730 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20LA057 ## Probable cause The pilot’s fuel mismanagement during flight, resulting in a total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation and a forced landing in a remote, wooded terrain. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fuel system: fuel distribution](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022820): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-32-260, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022820/cases.md?model=7103206), [All aircraft, 141 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022820/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-32-260, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=7103206), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute-cruise: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-32-260, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md?model=7103206), [All aircraft, 733 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Piper PA-32-260, 19 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=7103206), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Piper PA-32-260, 30 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=7103206), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that he departed on the night, cross-country flight with full fuel tanks, or 84 gallons total on board. About 1.5 hours into the flight, the engine lost all power, and a restart attempt was unsuccessful. He performed a forced landing in remote, wooded, mountainous terrain. The airplane was substantially damaged, and the pilot and one passenger sustained minor injuries; one passenger had serious injuries. Postaccident examination of the wreckage revealed no evidence of a preexisting mechanical malfunction or failure of the engine. The fuel selector was found positioned on the right main tank. The right main tank was punctured, but otherwise was not breached. No fuel was found below the puncture hole. Examination of the fuel lines found that the line from the engine firewall to the fuel pump and the line from the fuel pump to the carburetor were absent of fuel. The other three tanks were damaged, and fuel staining was observed on the snow around the main wreckage. Performance data for the airplane indicated that the engine would have consumed a fuel amount approximating the capacity of the right main tank prior to the loss of power. It is likely that the pilot exhausted the fuel in the right tank and did not switch tanks during his attempt to restore engine power. ## Factual narrative On December 20, 2019, about 1940 eastern standard time, a Piper PA-32-260, N4726S, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Florida, Massachusetts. The private pilot and one passenger sustained minor injuries; one passenger had serious injuries. The airplane was operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. The flight originated at Long Island MacArthur Airport (ISP), Islip, New York and was destined for Rutland–- Southern Vermont Regional Airport (RUT), Rutland, Vermont. According to the pilot, his preflight inspection of the airplane was normal, and all fuel tanks were full. Following an uneventful departure from ISP, the airplane was in cruise flight at 6,500 feet, about 1.5 hours after takeoff when the engine had a “major decrease in power, if not all power.” He attempted a restart, which was unsuccessful. He reported the problem to air traffic control and was provided information to the closest airport; however, he determined that he could not make the airport and prepared for a forced landing in mountainous terrain. The airplane collided with trees and came to rest in remote, forested terrain. Inspectors with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) responded to the accident site and examined the wreckage. The airplane came to rest in a nose low attitude, resting against hardwood trees. There was structural damage to the fuselage, empennage, and wings. The wings were partially separated from the fuselage. There was no fire. The airplane was configured with an 84-gallon fuel system. The system consisted of a main and auxiliary tank in each wing. The main tanks held 25 gallons each. All four tanks were damaged, and fuel staining was observed on the snow around the main wreckage. The FAA inspectors reported that the cockpit fuel selector was found in the right main tank position. The right main tank was punctured; however, there was no fuel found below the puncture hole. Otherwise, the tank was not breached. The fuel lines were examined; the line from the engine firewall to the fuel pump was absent of fuel. The line from the fuel pump to the carburetor was also absent of fuel. The engine was examined at a salvage storage facility after the accident. The number 1 cylinder exhibited impact damage; the head and pushrods were broken off. The lower spark plugs were removed; all plugs exhibited light wear and normal color. The number 3 plug was corroded due to being removed at the accident site and not reinstalled. The engine’s crankshaft was turned through manually; compression and suction were confirmed on all cylinders expect number 1 due to impact damage. Internal continuity of the engine was confirmed. Both magnetos produced spark to all leads when rotated. The mechanical fuel pump and carburetor appeared normal except for impact damage to the carburetor. The accident fight was about 1.5 hr in duration. According to the PA-32-260 Pilot’s Operating Handbook, theestimated fuel burn at normal (75%) power was 14 gal/hr. The fuel consumed would have been about 21 gallons, not including extra fuel needed for engine start, taxi, magneto checks, takeoff, and climb power settings. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4726S](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N4726S), registered now, S/N 32-1165, built 1969 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA32 (260) - Registry model: [Piper PA-32-260](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32-260) (registry code 7103206) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-540-series) (registry code 41532, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 32-1165 - Year built: 1969 - Airframe hours: 6040 - Engines: Lycoming O-540-E4B5 260 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 4, 2019, 34 hours before - Departed: ISP, New York, NY - Destination: RUT, Rutland, VT - Equipment: Stall warning system, ADS-B, Auto-pilot ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 47; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review October 10, 2018; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 345 total, 0 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 300° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 18 °F, dew point 3 °F - Altimeter: 30.54 inHg - Observed at: PSF, 15 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20191220019789A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20191220019789A), Dec 20, 2019: Piper PA-32-260, Florida, MA, Destroyed. On December 20, 2019, at approximately 6PM EST, N4726S, a Piper PA-32-260, s/n 32-1165 was traveling from islip, long island (isp), NY to rutland, Vermont… ## Other investigations on N4726S (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB MIA72DKJ14](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA72DKJ14), Aug 8, 1971: Piper PA-32 (N4726S), Gadsden, AL, substantial damage - [NTSB CHI71FDW36](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI71FDW36), Feb 13, 1971: Piper PA-32 (N4726S), Westland, MI, substantial damage ## Docket (10 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 22, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100730. 30.3 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 9 pages, 3.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11369507&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=1%206120_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot's written statement (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 978 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11369205&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=2%20Pilot%20Written%20Statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf - FAA correspondence with pilot (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 776 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11369104&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=3%20Kurt%20Bohlsen%20email%20answers_Redacted-Rel.pdf - FAA inspector statement - ballou (item 4, PDF, 3 pages, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11368480&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=4%20FAA%20Inspector%20Statement%20Ballou_Redacted-Rel.pdf - FAA inspector statement - godbout (item 5, PDF, 2 pages, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11369833&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=5%20FAA%20Inspector%20Statement%20Godbout_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Excerpts - Florida ma fire department report (item 6, PDF, 4 pages, 1.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11369606&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6%20N4726S%20Florida%20Fire%20Dept%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Flight review documentation (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11369616&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=7%20Flight%20Review_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Excerpts - maintenance logbooks (item 8, PDF, 15 pages, 16.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11370573&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=8%20N4726S%20Maintenance%20Documents_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Excerpt - POH (item 9, PDF, 1 page, 301 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11414758&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=POH%20Excerpt-Rel.pdf - Photo array (item 10, PDF, 8 pages, 2.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11370583&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.