# NTSB ERA21LA132: Cessna 150G, N8428J, Indian Head, MD, February 17, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: February 17, 2021, 09:45 local (14:45 UTC) - Place: Indian Head, MD - Coordinates: 38.585556, -77.067778 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.5856&lon=-77.0678&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR go-around: Fuel related](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: Cessna, FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 102641 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA21LA132 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102641/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102641 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA21LA132 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to detect water in the fuel during the preflight inspection, which resulted in a total loss of engine power. Contributing was the flight instructor’s mismanagement of the precautionary landing approach. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid condition (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150G, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=2071816), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: descent/approach/glide path](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150G, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md?model=2071816), [All aircraft, 809 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150G, 17 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2071816), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Inspection: preflight inspection](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 150G, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510/cases.md?model=2071816), [All aircraft, 551 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Prior to flight: Fuel contamination](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/193); cases with it: [Cessna 150G, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/193/sequence.md?model=2071816), [All aircraft, 225 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/193/sequence.md) - [Approach-VFR go-around: Fuel related](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 150G, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190/sequence.md?model=2071816), [All aircraft, 361 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot receiving instruction (in preparation for an initial flight instructor check ride) performed a preflight inspection of the airplane. During the inspection, he rocked the wings to release any water that might have been trapped in the fuel tanks before draining the fuel tank and fuel strainer sumps. He noted about “half a tube” of water when he drained fuel from the fuel strainer drain but did not note any water when he drained the fuel tank sumps. About 90 minutes into the flight, and while the pilot was performing a left chandelle maneuver, the engine “hiccupped” momentarily, so the flight instructor and the pilot diverted to a nearby airport for a precautionary landing. When the airplane was several hundred feet above pattern altitude and abeam the runway numbers, the flight instructor took control of the airplane and initiated a right-wing-low sideslip to lose altitude. The flight instructor executed a go-around maneuver when the airplane reached the midpoint of the 3,740-ft runway at an indicated airspeed of 100 knots. During the maneuver and after the airplane climbed about 300 to 400 ft, the engine stopped producing power. Because there was inadequate time to perform remedial actions, the flight instructor executed a forced landing into trees. The airplane impacted the trees and descended nose first to the ground, substantially damaging the empennage and both wings. Postaccident examination of the airframe revealed evidence of corrosion around the exterior of the fuel filler necks and water contamination in the left fuel tank and fuel strainer assembly. Examination and a successful test run of the engine revealed no evidence of any mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. Given this information, it is likely that the initial engine anomaly and the subsequent total loss of engine power were likely due to contamination of the fuel supply with water. Given the water contamination of the fuel found during postaccident examination, it is likely that the pilot did not perform an adequate preflight inspection to detect the water in the fuel. Following the decision to perform a precautionary landing, the flight instructor mismanaged the landing approach, which necessitated a go-around during which the subsequent total loss of engine power occurred. It is likely that, had the landing approach been properly executed, the accident would have been prevented. ## Factual narrative On February 17, 2021, about 945 eastern standard time, a Cessna 150, N8428J, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Maryland Airport (2W5), Indian Head, Maryland. The flight instructor and pilot receiving instruction were uninjured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flight. According to the pilot receiving instruction, he was flying with his flight instructor from Potomac Airfield (VKX), Friendly, Maryland. to prepare for his initial flight instructor check ride. He added 10 gallons of fuel to the fuel tanks, conducted a preflight inspection, and rocked the wings to release any water that might have been trapped in the fuel bladders before draining the fuel tank sumps. The pilot receiving instruction noted no water from the wing sump fuel samples but water appeared in the fuel that was drained from the fuel strainer drain. After he drained “about half a tube” of water from the airplane’s belly, no further water was noted. About 90 minutes into the lesson and while pilot receiving instruction was performing a left chandelle maneuver, the engine “hiccupped” momentarily. The flight instructor and the pilot receiving instruction decided to climb to 4,000 ft and proceed about 10 miles northwest to 2W5 for a precautionary landing. The pilot receiving instruction reported that, while over 2W5, he descended the airplane in a circle over the airport. While abeam the runway numbers on a right downwind leg to runway 20, the airplane was still several hundred feet above the airport traffic pattern altitude. The pilot receiving instruction stated that the flight instructor took the flight controls and initiated an “aggressive” right-wing-low sideslip to lose altitude while keeping the throttle set to 1,400 rpm to ensure that the engine did not lose power. The flight instructor stated that the flaps were not extended during the sideslip because the airplane’s airspeed was “above the white arc.” When the airplane reached the midpoint of the runway at an indicated airspeed of 100 knots, the flight instructor executed a go-around maneuver. During the maneuver, after the airplane climbed about 300 to 400 ft, the engine stopped producing power, and the propeller windmilled momentarily before stopping. With inadequate time to perform remedial actions, the flight instructor executed a forced landing into the trees. The airplane impacted trees and descended nose down to the ground, substantially damaging the empennage and both wings. Postaccident examination of the airframe revealed corrosion around the exterior of the fuel filler necks. White sediment was found in the fuel samples taken from the left and right fuel tanks. Additionally, water was recovered from the fuel sample taken from the left-wing fuel tank and the fuel strainer assembly. The fuel strainer assembly bowl exhibited white chalky corrosion, and the fuel strainer standpipe and sump spring tube were covered in whitedeposits. The fuel strainer screen exterior was obscured by white chalky deposits inside the screen. The carburetor fuel inlet screen was removed, and the threads in the carburetor body exhibited white chalky corrosion. The sediment was examined using an x-ray fluorescence alloy analyzer and was found to be consistent with soil. Postaccident examination of the engine revealed no anomalies; the engine was started, and the engine operated as expected during the run-up. Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular 20-125, “Water in Aviation Fuels,” stated that “an important part of the preflight inspection is to drain aircraft fuel tanks sumps, reservoirs, gascolators, filters and other fuel system drains to assure that the fuel supply is free of water.” The advisory circular also stated the following: Aircraft fuel tanks are constructed with sumps to trap water. Since it is practically impossible to drain all water from the tanks through the fuel lines, the fuel tank sumps should be regularly drained in order to remove all water from the system. It may be necessary to gently rock the wings of some aircraft while draining the sumps in order to completely drain all the water. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8428J](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N8428J-2024-05-11), registration cancelled 2024-05-11, S/N 15066328, built 1967 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 150G - Registry model: [Cessna 150G](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-150g) (registry code 2071816) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-200 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-200-series) (registry code 17020, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15066328 - Year built: 1967 - Airframe hours: 6366 - Engines: CONT MOTOR 0-200A 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, May 9, 2020, 30 hours before - Departed: VKX, Friendly, MD - Destination: 2W5, Indian Head, MD - Airport: 2W5, Maryland, runway 02/20, 3,740 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Electronic flight bag or handheld device, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 60; injuries: none; private, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 10, 2020; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 838 total, 24 in this make and model, 734 as pilot in command - Flight instructor; age 35; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review January 30, 2021; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 1,221 total, 25 in this make and model, 1,147 as pilot in command, 115 in the last 90 days, 15 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 340° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 30 °F, dew point 7 °F - Altimeter: 30.44 inHg - Turbulence: Unknown - Observed at: DAA, 10 nm away - METAR: KDAA 171456Z AUTO 34005KT 10SM SCT210 M01/M14 A3044 RMK AO2 SLP312 T10131138 52024 $ ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20210217003899A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20210217003899A), Feb 17, 2021: Cessna 150G, Indian Head, MD, Substantial damage. While practicing a left hand chandelle maneuver, the engine experienced some roughness and the crew (flight instructor and pilot-rated student) elected to… ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 19, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102641. 20.0 MB in all. - Pilot/instructor aircraft accident reports, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 25 pages, 12.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12741736&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20Reports%20and%20Questions_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot and instructor statements (item 2, PDF, 7 pages, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12742395&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pilot%20and%20Instructor%20Statements_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Meteorology factual report (item 3, PDF, 6 pages, 216 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12155641&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA21LA132%20-%20Indian%20Head,%20MD%20WX%20Factual-Rel.pdf - Investigative photographs (item 4, PDF, 5 pages, 3.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12763580&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf - Airframe and engine examination report (item 5, PDF, 13 pages, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12742227&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Aircraft%20and%20Engine%20Examination%20Report-Rel.pdf - Memorandum of record materials lab substance report (item 6, PDF, 1 page, 154 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12742368&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=MOR%20Materials%20Lab%20Report-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 814 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12742523&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Signed%20Wreckage%20Release_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 8, PDF, 9 pages, 269 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12742727&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA21LA132%20NTSB%20Party%20Guidance%20and%20Form%20-%20Textron%20Aviation_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.