# NTSB ERA21LA164: Piper PA28, N4530T, Miami, FL, January 19, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report - Date: January 19, 2021, 12:30 local (17:30 UTC) - Place: Miami, FL - Coordinates: 25.86161, -80.896935 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=25.8616&lon=-80.8969&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 102825 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA21LA164 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102825/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102825 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA21LA164 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane during takeoff, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and impact with terrain. Also causal was the flight instructor’s inadequate remedial action. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-140, 103 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=7102802), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-140, 40 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md?model=7102802), [All aircraft, 3,958 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md) - [Action: lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-140, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md?model=7102802), [All aircraft, 792 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-140, 38 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=7102802), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-140, 47 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=7102802), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-140, 29 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md?model=7102802), [All aircraft, 1,309 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was practicing a short-field takeoff in gusty crosswind conditions with a flight instructor onboard. During the takeoff attempt, the pilot pitched up excessively and the airplane encountered an aerodynamic stall. It then contacted the ground off the side of the runway, collapsing the nose landing gear and substantially damaging the engine mount. The flight instructor reported that there were no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures of the airplane that would have precluded normal operation, nor did the pilot report any. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4530T](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N4530T), registered now, S/N 287225181 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA28 (140) - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140) (registry code 7102802) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 287225181 - Year built: 1972 - Airframe hours: 4736 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-E2A 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 11, 2020, 28 hours before - Departed: HWO, Miami, FL - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: TNT, Dade-Collier Training And Transition, runway 09, 10,499 × 150 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 29; injuries: minor; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1; seat: left; restraint: 3-point - Flight instructor; age 73; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review July 1, 2019; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 3,510 total, 100 in this make and model, 60 in the last 90 days, 25 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 70° at 9 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 75 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 30.28 inHg - Observed at: TMB, 20 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Incident 20210119002199I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20210119002199I), Jan 19, 2021: Piper PA-28-140, Ochopee, FL, Substantial damage. Part 91 operator, preforming instruction under part 61 operating Piper PA-28-140 registration N4530T, sn: 287225181 crashed after private pilot attempting soft… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 21, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102825. 15.0 MB in all. - Memorandum for record a�� telephone interview, pilot/cfi (item 1, PDF, 1 page, 121 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12270252&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20Interview-Rel.pdf - FAA inspector's statement (item 2, PDF, 3 pages, 272 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12269933&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Inspector%20%20%20Statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Maintenance records (item 3, PDF, 7 pages, 11.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12271264&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=logbooks_Redacted1-Rel.pdf - Investigative photos (item 4, PDF, 3 pages, 3.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12270199&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=investigative%20Photo%27s-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.