# NTSB ERA21LA187: Cessna 172S, N60457, Venice, FL, April 17, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: April 17, 2021, 17:15 local (21:15 UTC) - Place: Venice, FL - Coordinates: 27.081188, -82.410688 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=27.0812&lon=-82.4107&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR pattern downwind: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/ FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 102934 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA21LA187 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102934/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102934 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA21LA187 ## Probable cause A total loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined based on the available information. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 25 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 2,247 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR pattern downwind: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 19 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,309 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor was conducting a flight review of the private pilot. After the pilot reduced engine power for landing abeam the runway numbers on the downwind leg of the traffic pattern, the airplane’s engine lost total power. The instructor immediately took over the flight controls and performed several troubleshooting steps; however, power was not restored. He believed that the airplane did not have sufficient altitude to reach the runway, and he completed a forced landing to a nearby golf course, during which the airplane impacted trees and came to rest partially submerged in a pond. The fuselage, wings, and empennage sustained substantial damage. The engine remained submerged in water for 18 hours after the accident and was examined 23 days after the accident. Visual examination of the engine fuel lines, control linkages, and accessories revealed no obvious mechanical defects and valvetrain continuity was confirmed; however, the engine contained a significant volume of water and several components displayed corrosion damage consistent with water exposure. After the engine and its components were cleaned, several attempts to start the engine were unsuccessful. Examination of the magnetos revealed corrosion consistent with water exposure. When a new right magneto was installed, the engine started immediately and produced power without interruption through its full power range. It is likely that the corrosion damage found on the engine and its components were a result of the postaccident water immersion. The reason for the loss of engine power could not be determined based on the available information. ## Factual narrative On April 17, 2021, about 1715 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172 airplane, N60457, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Venice Municipal Airport (VNC), Venice, Florida. The flight instructor and private pilot receiving instruction were not injured. The airplane was operated by Florida Flight Training Center as an instructional flight conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. According to the flight instructor, the private pilot receiving instruction’s last flight review was in 2008. The accident flight was the second flight working towards a flight review signoff. They departed with full fuel and completed maneuvers in the local area before the return to VNC for touch and go landings. The flight instructor reported that he demonstrated the first touch-and-go, which was uneventful, and then the student took the flight controls for the second touch-and-go. While in the traffic pattern on downwind, abeam the runway numbers, the student pilot intended to reduce engine power to 1,700 rpm, however, as he did the rpm dropped to 1,000. The instructor observed the student attempt to increase the power, but the there was no change in the rpm. The flight instructor reported that he immediately took the flight controls and attempted to troubleshoot the engine issue, but the engine only produced two “weak vibrations” and he was unable to restart it. He added that it became apparent that their glide path would not allow them to make the runway, so he turned right to land on a golf course fairway and pond. Subsequently, the left-wing contacted trees and the airplane came to rest partially submerged in a pond where both pilots safely egressed. The fuselage, wings, and empennage sustained substantial damage. The engine remained submerged in water for about 18 hours before it was recovered. During the recovery the wings were removed and about 35 gallons of fuel was recovered. A sample of that fuel revealed it was blue and absent of debris or water. On May 10, 2021, the engine was examined by a National Transportation Safety Board investigator. Visual examination of the engine revealed that all major accessories, fuel lines, and control cables were intact and secure. Additional fuel samples were taken from the belly sumps, and firewall fuel filter; the fuel was found to be blue and absent of debris and water. When the bottom spark plugs were removed, dark water was observed draining from 3 of the 4 cylinders. The spark plugs were dark in color and three of the plugs exhibited some corrosion and debris from being exposed to water. The valve covers and the ignition leads for both magnetos were removed, and the propeller was manually rotated. Valvetrain continuity was established on each cylinder and the impulse couplings for both magnetos could be heard clicking. However, spark was only observed to two of the left magneto’s ignition leads as the propeller was rotated. The top plugs were thenremoved, and they too appeared dark and exhibited corrosion and debris. The spark plugs were cleaned, and a small gas tank was plumbed into the right-wing fuel port. Several attempts to start the engine were unsuccessful. The magneto caps were removed to the left and right magnetos, and corrosion was observed in the cap and interior housing of both magnetos. An attempt was made to dry the right magneto and remove any visible corrosion; however, the engine would not start. A brand-new right magneto was placed on the engine and timed. The engine subsequently started immediately and ran without interruption through its full power range. Review of maintenance records found that the most recent 100-hour inspection was completed on March 25, 2021. The inspection documented routine maintenance actions and the airplane had flown about 40 hours since that inspection. An attempt to retrieve data from the primary and multi-function display systems was made, however, the SD cards contained no data. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N60457](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N60457-2023-04-01), registration cancelled 2023-04-01, S/N 172S10212, built 2006 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172S (NO SERIES) - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-360-L2A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-360-l2a) (registry code 41597, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 172S10212 - Year built: 2006 - Airframe hours: 8021.4 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Florida Flight Training Center - Registered owner: Florida Flight Training Center - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, March 25, 2021, 40.8 hours before - Airport: VNC, Venice Muni, runway 05/23, 5,000 × 150 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Auto-pilot, ADS-B, Electronic multifunction display, Stall warning system, Handheld GPS ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Student pilot; age 41; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3; last flight review June 18, 2008; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 195 total, 32 in this make and model, 128 as pilot in command, 2 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours - Flight instructor; age 26; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review July 3, 2020; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 1,761 total, 1,196 in this make and model, 1,711 as pilot in command, 222 in the last 90 days, 83 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 10 knots - Visibility: 6 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 73 °F - Altimeter: 29.87 inHg - Observed at: KVNC, 2 nm away - METAR: KVNC 172115Z AUTO 21010KT 6SM HZ CLR 27/23 A2987 RMK AO2 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20210417003749A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20210417003749A), Apr 17, 2021: Cessna 172S, Venice, FL, Substantial damage. The CFI pilot was conducting refresher training to another pilot with a goal of completing a flight review. On downwind the student reduced power and the… ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 19, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102934. 80.4 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 2.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12429293&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20Accident%20Report%206120.1_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Record of conversation (pilot receiving instruction) (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 165 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12429856&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20(Pilot%20Receiving%20Instruction)-Rel.pdf - Engine examination summary (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 148 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12589468&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Summary%20of%20Engine%20Exam%20N60457%20_v02-Rel.pdf - Photo array (item 4, PDF, 4 pages, 4 photos, 6.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12429987&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf - Video of engine run (item 5, MOV, 67.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12429866&FileExtension=MOV&FileName=NTSB%20Video%20of%20Engine%20Run-Rel.MOV - G1000 SD card factual report (item 6, PDF, 2 pages, 386 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12430280&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA21LA187%20G1000%20Factual%20report-Rel.pdf - Excerpts of maintenance records (item 7, PDF, 2 pages, 1 photo, 1.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12429396&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Excerpts%20of%20Maintenance%20Records%20-%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 8, PDF, 2 pages, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12429876&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20Release%20of%20Wreckage%20Form_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.