# NTSB ERA22LA016: Kitfox IV, N9259M, North Canaan, CT, October 14, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: October 14, 2021, 17:22 local (21:22 UTC) - Place: North Canaan, CT - Coordinates: 42.036786, -73.342561 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.0368&lon=-73.3426&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Emergency descent](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/600) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Emergency descent: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/ FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 104104 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA22LA016 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/104104/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=104104 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA22LA016 ## Probable cause The pilot's mismanagement of the airplane's altitude, airspeed, and course during a forced landing following a partial loss of engine power, which resulted in collision with trees and terrain. Contributing was the pilot’s inadvertent omission of stowing the carburetor choke before takeoff and in-flight after experiencing a partial loss of engine power. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine controls](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057600): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057600/cases.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 51 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057600/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: heading/course](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062047): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062047/cases.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 82 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062047/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Prior to flight: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 1,858 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) (defining event); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 400 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05630HN), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that shortly after takeoff during climbout, the engine began to sputter. He checked the magnetos, fuel switches, ignition, and fuel pressure. He did not notice any abnormalities; however, full engine power did not return. He subsequently performed a 180° turn back to the runway, but the airplane was too high and fast to land. The airplane overflew the runway toward a wooded area, and as the pilot attempted to increase power, the engine again sputtered. The pilot maintained a safe airspeed and flew into the tops of the trees. The airplane momentarily was suspended in the trees but then fell vertically and impacted muddy and swampy terrain in a nose-low attitude. Examination of the airplane did not reveal any evidence of preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. The pilot reported that he utilized full carburetor choke to start the engine and partial carburetor choke to warm-up the engine. He could not recall stowing the lever prior to takeoff (as was required for this type of choke) nor did he recall checking the lever during the troubleshooting in-flight. The pilot reported the partial loss of power would worsen only when he attempted to add full power and that the engine would run normally at idle power. Weather conditions in the area at the time of the accident flight were conducive to serious carburetor icing at glide power; however, the description of the partial loss of engine power and the phase of flight at which it occurred were not indicative of carburetor icing. Given the circumstances described by the pilot, it is likely that the carburetor choke remained partially applied during the takeoff and climbout, which flooded the engine at high power settings. Although the spring-loaded choke lever was photographed in the stowed position shortly after the accident, it is possible that the choke switch was moved to that position during the impact sequence or during the pilot’s evacuation after the accident. The pilot reported that he turned back toward the departure runway while he was troubleshooting the engine issue, but the airplane was too high and fast to land and overflew the runway. Had the pilot managed the altitude, airspeed, and course toward the runway better, the collision with trees likely could have been avoided and a safe landing likely could have been made at the airport. ## Factual narrative On October 14, 2021, about 1722 eastern daylight time, an experimental amateur built Kitfox IV airplane, N9259M, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near North Canaan Airport (CT24), North Canaan, Connecticut. The private pilot sustained serious injuries. The airplane was operated by the pilot as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The pilot reported that the purpose of flight was to see the fall foliage and it was the first flight of the day. After topping off the fuel tanks, he started the engine, warmed it up to “takeoff temps[sic],” checked the magnetos, and departed to the north. During the climbout, the airplane had cleared trees at the departure end of the runway; however, the “engine sputtered.” He subsequently checked the “[magneto] switches, fuel switches, fuel pressure” and all were “good.” He then turned 180° to the airport, however, the airplane was “too high too fast” to land toward the south so he “tried [the] throttle again,” the power came up, and he continued south. Subsequently, the trees at the southbound departure area were cleared; however, shortly thereafter, the “engine sputtered again” as the throttle was increased toward full power. The pilot reported that at this time the airplane was “too close to trees”, the airplane descended, and then he “pulled up and bellied into the trees, to an almost stop,” however, the airplane then fell nose first about 70 ft into mud and swampy terrain. The pilot further reported that he utilized full carburetor choke via the spring-loaded lever to start the engine, then utilized half choke as the engine warmed up. He could not remember shutting the choke off before takeoff and also did not recall checking the choke position in-flight while troubleshooting the partial loss of engine power. He described that the engine would sputter at full power but would run without issue at idle power. Photographs revealed that the airplane came to rest in wooded terrain partially submerged in a creek and mud, with the fuselage nearly vertical and the engine submerged below the terrain and water. The fuselage and both wings sustained substantial damage. There was a smell of fuel at the accident site. Examination of the airplane did not reveal any evidence of preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. Continuity of the flight controls and fuel system was confirmed. Photographs taken shortly after the accident found that the carburetor choke lever was in the stowed position. The airplane was not equipped with carburetor heat. According to a representative of Kitfox Aircraft, the type of choke installed of the accident airplane would remain on/ open until the pilot turned the choke off. According to a carburetor icing probability chart, the weather conditions at the time of the accident flight were conducive to serious icing at glide power. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9259M](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N9259M), registered now, S/N 1871 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Kitfox IV (NO SERIES) - Registry model: [Emmons David W KITFOX IV](https://openairdocs.org/model/emmons-david-w-kitfox-iv) (registry code 05630HN) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Bombardier ROTAX (ALL)](https://openairdocs.org/engine/bombardier-rotax-all) (registry code 09050, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 1871 - Year built: 1996 - Engines: ROTAX 582LC 66 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: CT24, North Canaan Aviation Facilities Inc, runway 03/21, 3,100 × 75 ft, grass/turf - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 51; injuries: serious; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: basicmed, without waivers/limitations; seat: front; flight hours: 100 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 320° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 57 °F - Altimeter: 29.93 inHg - Observed at: PSF, 24 nm away - METAR: KPSF 142154Z AUTO 32005KT 10SM CLR 19/14 A2993 RMK AO2 SLP118 T01940144 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20211014017079A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20211014017079A), Oct 14, 2021: Emmons David W KITFOX IV, North Canaan, CT, Substantial damage. This narrative is based on witness statements, family member statements and examination of the accident site. The pilot has been unavailable for comment due to… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 8, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=104104. 8.5 MB in all. - NTSB memorandum - FAA aircraft examination (item 1, PDF, 3 pages, 187 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13688735&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20MFR%20-%20FAA%20Examination-Rel.pdf - Pilot statements (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 194 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13688416&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20MFR%20-Pilot%20Statement-Rel.pdf - NTSB memo - 6120.1 not provided (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 138 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13691083&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20MFR%20-%20Pilot%206120%20Not%20Returned-Rel.pdf - Carburetor ice chart (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 383 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13691312&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA22LA016_Carb%20Ice%20Chart-Rel.pdf - Kitfox technical support (item 5, PDF, 2 pages, 2 photos, 235 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13698782&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20MFR%20-%20Kitfox%20Technical%20Support2-Rel.pdf - Photo array (item 6, PDF, 5 pages, 5 photos, 6.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13691966&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 939 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13692078&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Retention%20and%20Release%20of%20Wreckage%20Form%20-signed%20FINAL_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.