# NTSB ERA22LA094: Piper J3C, N656CJ, Kissimmee, FL, November 30, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report - Date: November 30, 2021, 13:37 local (18:37 UTC) - Place: Kissimmee, FL - Coordinates: 28.290258, -81.437787 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=28.2903&lon=-81.4378&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 1 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA - FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 104438 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA22LA094 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/104438/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=104438 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA22LA094 ## Probable cause The pilot’s inadvertent application of brakes during touchdown, which resulted in a noseover. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Action: incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 1,386 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md) - [Landing gear system: landing gear brakes system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023240): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023240/cases.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 92 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023240/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 28 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was receiving instruction for his tailwheel endorsement. While the flight instructor and pilot were landing the tandem-seat, tailwheel-equipped airplane, the airplane bounced. The flight instructor communicated to the pilot “my controls” and blocked him (using the rear seat control stick) from pushing the front seat control stick forward, so that the flight instructor could transition from a bounced wheel landing into a three-point landing. The flight instructor stated, the pilot did transfer control to the flight instructor but didn’t take his feet off the brakes. The pilot stated he was unfamiliar with using heel brakes and applied to much pressure to the brakes, “upon touch down after the bounce we nosed forward and flipped onto our back,” resulting in substantial damage to the rudder. The pilot reported that the airplane had no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N656CJ](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N656CJ), registered now, S/N 15762, built 1946 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER J3C (65) - Registry model: [Piper J3C-65](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-j3c-65) (registry code 7100510) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental C90 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-c90-series) (registry code 17009, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15762 - Year built: 1946 - Airframe hours: 157 - Engines: Continental O-200A 75 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Palmer Thomas W - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 15, 2021, 140 hours before - Airport: ISM, Kissimmee Gateway, runway 06, 5,001 × 100 ft, asphalt - Equipment: ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 23; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1; last flight review July 28, 2021; seat: rear; flight hours: 363 total, 39 in this make and model, 249 as pilot in command, 82 in the last 90 days, 43 in the last 30 days - Pilot; age 59; injuries: minor; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review October 6, 2021; seat: front; flight hours: 1,261 total, 6 in this make and model, 941 as pilot in command, 153 in the last 90 days, 39 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 330° at 3 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 48 °F, dew point 46 °F - Altimeter: 30.13 inHg - Observed at: ISM - METAR: METAR KISM 300856Z AUTO 33003KT 10SM CLR 09/08 A3013 RMK AO2 SLP203 6//// T00890078 53001 PNO $= ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20211130020889A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20211130020889A), Nov 30, 2021: Piper J3C-65, Kissimmee, FL, Substantial damage. The flight was a training flight for a pilot rated student, who was sitting in the forward seat, and the CFI in the aft seat. On landing, the brakes were… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 16, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=104438. 6.7 MB in all. - Pilot aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 6 pages, 3.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14173218&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120_Joe%20Cooper_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot (CFI) aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 2, PDF, 11 pages, 2.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14173121&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%206120_N656CJ_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot (CFI) statement (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 159 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13239852&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pilot%20Statement_CFI_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Investigative photographs (item 4, PDF, 4 pages, 835 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13240066&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Investigative%20Photographs%20-%20ERA22LA094-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.