# NTSB ERA22LA190: Textron 525B, N225SC, Caldwell, NJ, April 17, 2022

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report
- Date: April 17, 2022, 14:44 local (18:44 UTC)
- Place: Caldwell, NJ · On airport property
- Coordinates: 40.875225, -74.28135 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.8752&lon=-74.2814&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 3 uninjured
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
- NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation
- Parties: FAA/FSDO
- NTSB case key (mKey): 104951
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA22LA190
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/104951/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=104951
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA22LA190

## Probable cause

The flight crew’s failure to attain a proper touchdown point during landing, which resulted in an overrun of the runway and collision with terrain.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Performance/control parameters: descent/approach/glide path](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Textron 525B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md?model=2076619), [All aircraft, 809 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md)
- [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Textron 525B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2076619), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md)
- [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Flight crew (probable cause); cases with it: [Textron 525B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2076619), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Landing-flare/touchdown: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) (defining event); cases with it: [Textron 525B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md?model=2076619), [All aircraft, 400 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md)
- [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Textron 525B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=2076619), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The pilot-in-command (PIC) of the business jet described that at the conclusion of the flight the second-in-command (SIC) would conduct the landing. The SIC briefed the approach and the PIC agreed. The tower cleared the airplane for the visual approach to runway 22 (4,552-ft-long), noting winds were 300° at 18 knots, gusting to 26 knots. The PIC told the SIC that if he did not feel comfortable with the approach to landing, he should voice his concern, and initiate a go-around or transfer control of the airplane to the PIC. The PIC also briefed the procedure for taking control of the airplane should any unsafe conditions be observed. The PIC further described that after turning final, the landing checklist was completed, and the airplane was established on a stabilized approach. The SIC noted that he would fly at a slightly higher speed due to varying winds and gusts. Just before touchdown, the airplane “encountered a gust of wind that resulted in a ground effect float.” The airplane then touched down “at Ref speed” and on what the PIC perceived to be the first third of the runway. Due to the float and wind gust upon touchdown, the PIC called for the controls with the intent to initiate a go-around or to bring the airplane to a stop. The PIC then decided not to commence a go-around due to the limited amount of remaining runway available, low airspeed, and time to initiate takeoff power. The PIC realized that the airplane would not come to a stop on the remaining runway, even with maximum braking applied, and the airplane overran the runway and came to a stop in a brook beyond the departure end. The forward portion of the fuselage was substantially damaged during the runway excursion. The PIC reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures of the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. Review of airport surveillance camera footage showed that the airplane touched down beyond the midpoint of the runway.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N225SC](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N225SC), registered now, S/N 525B0611, built 2020 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: TEXTRON AVIATION INC 525B
- Registry model: [Textron 525B](https://openairdocs.org/model/textron-525b) (registry code 2076619) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Williams FJ44-3A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/williams-fj44-3a) (registry code 66006, turbo-fan) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 525B0611
- Year built: 2020
- Airframe hours: 393.5
- Engines: WILLIAMS FJ44-3A 2820 lbs thrust turbo fan; WILLIAMS FJ44-3A 2820 lbs thrust turbo fan
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Personal, Part 91
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Commuter
- Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, March 3, 2022, 116.3 hours before
- Departed: STP, St Paul, MN
- Destination: CDW, Caldwell, NJ
- Flight plan: IFR
- Airport: CDW, Essex County Airport, runway 22, 4,552 × 80 ft, asphalt
- Equipment: Electronic multifunction display, Onboard weather, Stall warning system, ADS-B, Angle of attack indicator, Auto-pilot

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 45; injuries: none; airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; flight hours: 4,600 total, 40 in this make and model, 350 as pilot in command, 30 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours
- Co-pilot; age 57; injuries: none; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, single-engine sea; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: right; flight hours: 2,057 total, 405 in this make and model, 1,469 as pilot in command, 101 in the last 90 days, 31 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 290° at 12 knots, gusting 22
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 7,000 ft broken
- Temperature: 52 °F, dew point 18 °F
- Altimeter: 30.14 inHg
- Observed at: CDW
- METAR: KCDW 171753Z 29012G22KT 250V320 10SM BKN070 11/M08 A3014 RMK AO2 SLP214 T01061083 10106 20061 50006

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20220417005569A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20220417005569A), Apr 17, 2022: Textron Aviation Inc 525B, Fairfield, NJ, Substantial damage. On April 17, 2022 1440 local time, N225SC overran runway 22 into a ditch at Essex County Airport (cdw) causing substantial damage to the aircraft. The PIC…

## Docket (8 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 17, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=104951. 108 MB in all.

- Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 2.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13947498&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20LA190_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- POH excepts on 525B CJ3 landing performance (item 2, PDF, 6 pages, 420 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13946211&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=POH%20excepts%20on%20525B%20CJ3%20Landing%20Performance-Rel.pdf
- Landing performance calculations (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 524 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13946695&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Landing%20performance%20calculations%20LA190-Rel.pdf
- Investigative photos (item 4, PDF, 3 pages, 2.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13947564&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Investigative%20Photos%20LA190-Rel.pdf
- Surveillance video summary (item 5, PDF, 1 page, 74 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13946811&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA22LA190%20surveillance%20video%20transcription-Rel.pdf
- Cdw airport surveillance video 1 (item 6, WMV, 84.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13946114&FileExtension=WMV&FileName=Bravo180_%20143848-143930-Rel.WMV
- Cdw airport surveillance video 2 (item 7, WMV, 17.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13947574&FileExtension=WMV&FileName=BravoPTZ1_143830-143930-Rel.WMV
- Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 8, PDF, 14 pages, 356 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13947044&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Textron%20Party%20Form%20LA190_Redacted-Rel.pdf

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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