# NTSB ERA23LA195: Richard Spatz RV-14A, N412RS, Fallston, MD, April 13, 2023 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: April 13, 2023, 15:12 local (19:12 UTC) - Place: Fallston, MD · 50 ft past departure end runway 22, corn field - Coordinates: 39.498425, -76.413377 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.4984&lon=-76.4134&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR pattern final: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: Lycoming Engines, FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 107065 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA23LA195 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/107065/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=107065 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA23LA195 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to discontinue an unstabilized approach, resulting in an aerodynamic stall and collision with terrain. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: descent rate](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained; cases with it: [Richard Spatz RV-14A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037/cases.md?model=05638G9), [All aircraft, 242 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot; cases with it: [Richard Spatz RV-14A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=05638G9), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR pattern final: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [Richard Spatz RV-14A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=05638G9), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Richard Spatz RV-14A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05638G9), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis After flying two visual approaches to southwest runway, the pilot initiated a left, 270° turn to enter a right base for the northeast-oriented runway. He turned onto final approach about ¼-nautical mile (nm) from the approach end threshold and about 200 ft above ground level (agl). Although the pilot did not recall the final approach due to his injuries, recorded GPS and engine data indicated that the airplane’s vertical rate of descent increased greatly during the last few seconds of flight, and the engine speed increased, as if the pilot were performing a go-around. Also, the airplane was in a steep right bank just before impact. The airplane impacted an open field about 50 feet short of the runway, resulting in substantial damage to the airplane and serious injuries to the pilot. The postaccident examination of the wreckage, including the flight controls, fuel system, and engine, did not reveal evidence of a malfunction or anomaly that would have precluded normal operation of the airplane. The pilot also reported that there were no mechanical failures or anomalies with the airplane during the flight. Given the available information, it is likely that the pilot initiated the base-to-final turn too close to the runway and tried to salvage an unstable approach. The airplane entered a steep right turning descent while at a low altitude, most likely while in an aerodynamic stall, from which the pilot was unable to recover from before impact with the terrain. ## Factual narrative On April 13, 2023, about 1512 eastern daylight time, an experimental amateur-built Spatz RV-14A airplane, N412RS, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Fallston, Maryland. The private pilot was seriously injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The airplane impacted a corn field about 50 ft from the approach end of runway 4 (2,200-ft-long) at the Fallston Airport (W42), Fallston, Maryland. There were no known witnesses to the accident. The wreckage came to rest upright and there was no fire. The right wing separated during the impact sequence and was located adjacent to the main wreckage. The forward fuselage was twisted and buckled. The engine remained attached to the fuselage and the propeller remained attached to the engine. The empennage exhibited minor damage. The landing gear were buckled under the fuselage. The pilot reported that, due to his injuries, he did not recall the final approach. He reported on his NTSB Form 6120.1 (Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report) that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures associated with the accident. The wreckage was recovered to an aircraft salvage facility where further examination was performed. The examination of the wreckage, including the flight controls, fuel system, and engine, did not reveal evidence of a malfunction or anomaly that would have precluded normal operation of the airplane. The airplane was equipped with a Garmin G3Xi flight display system. Flight, engine, and systems information was recorded in non-volatile memory and downloaded by the investigation team. The data indicated that the airplane took off from Harford County Airport (0W3), Churchville, Maryland at 1456. The pilot initiated a left, climbing turn to the southwest toward W42, which was about 10 nm away. The pilot appeared to circle the field at W42 and then flew two approaches to runway 22. After the second approach, he commenced a climbing, left 270° turn to a right base leg for runway 4. He turned onto final approach about 1/4 nm south-southeast of the runway threshold at about 200 ft agl. The G3Xi data showed that the engine speed increased during the final phase of flight, peaking at 2,580 rpm about one second before ground impact. The airplane heading and roll parameters indicated a right turn in the 5 seconds before impact, with the roll angle increasing from about 18 degrees right to 54 degrees right 2 seconds before impact, before decreasing to 8 degrees right 1 second before impact. The vertical speed decreased from a 166 ft/min descent about 5 seconds before impact to a 1,017 ft/min descent 1 second before impact. Additionally, the device was capable of recording a parameter for angle of attack, but no data for that parameter were recorded. Additionally, the parameter “CAS Alert” recorded the value “AOA UNCAL” for the entire duration of the accident flight. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N412RS](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N412RS), registered now, S/N 140253, built 2019 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: RICHARD SPATZ RV-14A - Registry model: [Richard Spatz RV-14A](https://openairdocs.org/model/richard-spatz-rv-14a) (registry code 05638G9) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming YIO-390 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-yio-390-series) (registry code 42418, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 140253 - Year built: 2019 - Airframe hours: 83 - Engines: Lycoming YIO-390-EXP98 210 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, September 23, 2022 - Departed: 0W3, Churchville, MD - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: W42, Fallston Airport, runway 4, 2,200 × 50 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Data recorder, Angle of attack indicator, ADS-B, Onboard weather, Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 75; injuries: serious; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: basicmed; last flight review September 6, 2021; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 576 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 140° at 13 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 46 °F - Altimeter: 29.92 inHg - Observed at: KMTN, 10 nm away - METAR: METAR KMTN 131857Z 14013KT 10SM CLR 27/08 A2992 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20230413010679A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20230413010679A), Apr 13, 2023: Richard Spatz RV-14A, Fallston, MD, Substantial damage. A RV14 aircraft, crashed approximately 50 feet from the departure end of runway 22 at Fallston airport (W42), Fallston, Maryland for unknown reasons. Pilot was… ## Docket (12 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 5, 2024, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=107065. 50.8 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 4.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16266933&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=1%206120_Redacted-Rel.pdf - NTSB memorandum of record - pilot flight experience (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 86 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16267298&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=1a%20NTSB%20Memorandum%20for%20Record%20Pilot%20Flight%20Experience-Rel.pdf - Condition inspection documents (item 3, PDF, 9 pages, 3.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16266943&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=1b1%20Condition%20Inspection_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Flight track plot (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 13.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16267840&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=1c%20N412RS%20Flight%20Track%20over%20W42-Rel.pdf - Flight track plot - final minute of flight (item 5, PDF, 1 page, 15.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16267889&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=1d%20Final%20Minute%20Flight%20Track-Rel.pdf - Flight track kml file (item 6, KML, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16267859&FileExtension=kml&FileName=1e%20KML%20for%20Ralph%20V2%20Entire%20Flight-Rel.kml - Garmin G3XI flight data (item 7, CSV, 849 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16267907&FileExtension=csv&FileName=1f%20Fallston%20MD-Rel.csv - Photo array (item 8, PDF, 2 pages, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16268195&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=2%20Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf - NTSB examination summary (item 9, PDF, 51 pages, 8.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16267869&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=3%20Exam%20Summary%20ERA23LA195%20V2-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 10, PDF, 14 pages, 776 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16292418&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Signed%20Party%20Form%20ERA23LA195_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 11, PDF, 1 page, 521 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16267020&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=4%20NTSB%20Wreckage%20Release%20N412RS_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Evidence control form (item 12, PDF, 1 page, 500 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16268014&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=5%20Evidence%20Control%20N412RS_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. 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