# NTSB ERA23LA316: Cessna 152, N6194Q, Maiden, NC, July 27, 2023 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report - Date: July 27, 2023, 12:11 local (16:11 UTC) - Place: Maiden, NC - Coordinates: 35.576147, -81.109913 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.5761&lon=-81.1099&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR go-around: Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 192735 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA23LA316 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/192735/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=192735 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA23LA316 ## Probable cause The flight instructor’s inadequate supervision of the landing approach and go-around, and his delayed remedial action. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 15 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) - [Attention/monitoring: monitoring other person](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021535): Personnel issues › Psychological · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021535/cases.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 200 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021535/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR go-around: Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 1,309 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor and student departed on an instructional flight and flew to a nearby grass airstrip for pattern work. Although the flight instructor had flown into the airstrip before, he did not check the runway length before the flight departed and thought it was longer than the actual published 2,400-ft length. After arriving at the destination airstrip the, student entered left downwind for runway 13, resulting in a right quartering tailwind of about 5 knots. The flight instructor told the student to perform a short field landing. The student turned early onto the base leg of the airport traffic pattern, then turned onto final approach, resulting in the airplane being high and fast. After informing the student that the airplane was high and fast the student pitched the airplane down, which increased the airspeed, but he did not reduce power. The airplane continued to be high and fast, and somewhere before the midpoint of the runway the flight instructor told the student to go around. He repeated the instruction after the student hesitated. The student leveled off, added full power, removed carburetor heat, but left the flaps extended at 30° while he pitched for Vx airspeed. While climbing slightly, and with insufficient runway remaining to land, the flight instructor took the controls from the student and at that time realized the flaps were still at 30°. The airplane subsequently collided with trees beyond the end of the runway before descending to the ground resulting in substantial damage to the fuselage, wings, and empennage. The flight instructor reported there was no preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions of the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. He also reported that the accident could have been prevented by executing a go-around much earlier. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N6194Q](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N6194Q), registered now, S/N 15285189, built 1981 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 152 (NO SERIES EXISTS) - Registry model: [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152) (registry code 2071835) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15285189 - Year built: 1981 - Airframe hours: 19000 - Engines: Lycoming O-235-L2C 110 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Flight Level Aviation LLC, doing business as Race City Flight Operations - Registered owner: Pnl Aero LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, July 20, 2023 - Departed: 14A, Mooresville, NC - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: N92, Laneys Airport, runway 13, 2,400 × 75 ft, grass/turf - Equipment: Stall warning system, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 25; injuries: minor; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review September 23, 2022; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 886 total, 121 in this make and model, 797 as pilot in command, 184 in the last 90 days, 5 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 22; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review July 12, 2023; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 164 total, 3 in this make and model, 118 as pilot in command, 46 in the last 90 days, 13 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 230° at 3 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 90 °F, dew point 72 °F - Altimeter: 30.15 inHg - Observed at: KIPJ, 6 nm away - METAR: KIPJ 271625Z AUTO 23003KT 10SM CLR 32/22 A3015 RMK AO2 T03220216 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20230727015679A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20230727015679A), Jul 27, 2023: Cessna 152, Maiden, NC, Substantial damage. On 27 July 2023, a Cessna 152 departed 14A (lake norman airpark) for N92 (Laney'S Airport) to conduct flight training at approximately 1200 hrs local EDT with… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 30, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=192735. 6.4 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 694 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16341987&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%206120%20FORM_Recd%208%2031%202023_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Record of NTSB conversation (item 2, PDF, 5 pages, 172 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16341707&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20NTSB%20Conversation_Redacted-Rel.pdf - FAA record of conversation (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 82 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16342591&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Record%20of%20Conversation_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Statement from student (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 26 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16341588&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Jake%20Whelan%20(Student)%20FAA%20Statement%20-%20July%2027th%20-%20PDF-Rel.pdf - Investigative photographs (item 5, PDF, 6 pages, 6 photos, 4.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16342285&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Investigative%20Photographs-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 6, PDF, 1 page, 705 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16342405&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Fully%20Executed%20Wreckage%20Release%20Form_11%203%202023_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.