# NTSB ERA24LA336: Cessna 172N, N734BH, Immokalee, FL, July 28, 2024

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report
- Date: July 28, 2024, 09:50 local (13:50 UTC)
- Place: Immokalee, FL
- Coordinates: 26.421915, -81.403334
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=26.4219&lon=-81.4033&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining events: [Taxi: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200); [Taxi: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 2 uninjured
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
- NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation
- Parties: FAA/FSDO
- NTSB case key (mKey): 194837
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA24LA336
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/194837/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=194837
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA24LA336

## Probable cause (aircraft 1)

The student pilot’s (of the high wing airplane) inadequate visual lookout, which resulted in a ground collision with another airplane while taxiing.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Action: incomplete action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041040): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Cessna 172N, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041040/cases.md?model=2072434), [All aircraft, 105 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041040/cases.md)
- [Info processing/decision: identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilot, aircraft 1; cases with it: [Cessna 172N, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md?model=2072434), [All aircraft, 559 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md)
- [Action: incomplete action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041040): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot of other aircraft (probable cause), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Piper PA-28-161, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041040/cases.md?model=7102803), [All aircraft, 105 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041040/cases.md)
- [Info processing/decision: identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot of other aircraft, aircraft 2; cases with it: [Piper PA-28-161, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md?model=7102803), [All aircraft, 559 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Taxi: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200) (defining event), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Cessna 172N, 16 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md?model=2072434), [All aircraft, 618 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md)
- [Taxi: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200) (defining event), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Piper PA-28-161, 13 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md?model=7102803), [All aircraft, 618 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md)

## Analysis (aircraft 1)

The pilot of the low-wing airplane and the student pilot of the high-wing airplane both reported stopping for a short break while on solo, instructional, cross-country flights. After engine start, the pilot of the low-wing airplane reported checking for traffic in all directions before entering the taxiway and beginning his taxi toward the departing runway. The student pilot of the high-wing airplane reported checking for traffic to the right and announcing his taxi intentions over the common traffic advisory frequency, but did not look to his left before entering the taxiway. The pilot of the low-wing airplane could not recall if he heard the advisory statement nor if he made one of his own. The student pilot of the high-wing airplane did not see the low-wing airplane already established on the taxiway and coming from the left. As the student pilot of the high-wing airplane entered the taxiway the two airplanes collided. The low-wing airplane’s right wing impacted the high-wing airplane resulting in substantial damage to the low-wing and minor damage to the high-wing airplane. The pilot of each airplane reported that there were no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with either airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

## Aircraft 1

- Registration: [N734BH](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N734BH), registered now, S/N 17268722, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 172N
- Registry model: [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n) (registry code 2072434) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 17268722
- Year built: 1977
- Airframe hours: 16026.3
- Engines: LYCOMING O-320 D2J 160 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Operator: Wayman Aviation Flight School
- Registered owner: My Way Aviation LLC
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, July 15, 2024, 57 hours before
- Destination: SEF, Sebring, FL
- Flight plan: VFR
- Airport: IMM, IMMOKALEE Regional
- Equipment: Stall warning system, ADS-B

## Aircraft 2

- Registration: [N8580E](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N8580E), registered now, S/N 2842414, built 2015 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28-161
- Registry model: [Piper PA-28-161](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-161) (registry code 7102803) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming O-320-D3G](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-320-d3g) (registry code 42156, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 2842414
- Year built: 2015
- Airframe hours: 4433.3
- Engines: LYCOMING O-320-D3G 160 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Operator: Skyborne Airline Academy Inc
- Registered owner: Skyborne Airline Academy Inc
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: AAIP, July 26, 2024, 13.3 hours before
- Destination: VRB, Vero Beach, FL
- Equipment: Electronic multifunction display, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, ADS-B, Stall warning system, Onboard weather, Electronic primary flight display

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Student pilot, aircraft N734BH; age 27; injuries: none; student; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 74.8 total, 74.8 in this make and model, 8.1 as pilot in command, 53.8 in the last 90 days, 20.7 in the last 30 days
- Pilot, aircraft N8580E; age 26; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review July 8, 2024; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 72 total, 72 in this make and model, 13 as pilot in command

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 150° at 5 knots
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 77 °F
- Altimeter: 30.10 inHg
- Observed at: RSW, 20 nm away
- METAR: KRSW 281353Z 15005KT 10SM CLR 29/25 A3010 RMK AO2 SLP189 T02940250

## FAA reports on this event (2)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20240728021662A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20240728021662A), Jul 28, 2024: Cessna 172N, Immokalee, FL, Substantial damage. On 7/28/2024 at Immokalee Airport Cessna 172N was taxing on FBO ramp (east) to taxiway c for runway at the same time a Piper PA-28-161 while taxing (south) on…
- [Accident 20240728014942A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20240728014942A), Jul 28, 2024: Piper PA-28-161, Immokalee, FL, Substantial damage. On 7/28/2024 at Immokalee Airport a Piper PA-28-161 while taxing (south) on FBO ramp area to taxiway c, for runway 18/36; at the same time a Cessna 172N was…

## Docket (7 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 4, 2024, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=194837. 4.7 MB in all.

- Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (low wing) (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 879 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17499309&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N8580E%20Operator%206120.1_2_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (high wing) (item 2, PDF, 7 pages, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17522050&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N734BH%20NTSB%20FORM_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Pilot's statement, high wing (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 32 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17524244&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N734BH%20Student%20Statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Memorandum for record a�� email, operator, low wing (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 64 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17522258&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=MOR-6120%20Additional%20Info%208580E-Rel.pdf
- Memorandum for record a�� email, operator, high wing (item 5, PDF, 1 page, 72 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17522803&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=MOR-6120%20Additional%20Info%20734BH-Rel.pdf
- Investigation photographs (item 6, PDF, 8 pages, 2.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17522813&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Investigation%20Photographs-Rel.pdf
- Video file (item 7, 3GP, 177 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17522153&FileExtension=3gp&FileName=IMG_6549-Rel.3gp

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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