# NTSB ERA24LA351: Cessna 680, N680SA, Washington, NC, August 18, 2024

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report
- Date: August 18, 2024, 21:39 UTC
- Place: Washington, NC
- Coordinates: 35.571435, -77.047174 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.5714&lon=-77.0472&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Landing: Landing gear not configured](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095)
- Highest injury: Minor injuries
- Injuries: 1 minor, 2 uninjured; on the ground: 1 minor
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
- NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation
- Parties: FAA/FSDO
- NTSB case key (mKey): 194945
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA24LA351
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/194945/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=194945
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA24LA351

## Probable cause

The flight crew’s failure to properly configure the airplane before landing and the captain’s subsequent failure to recognize the landing gear aural warning, which resulted in a gear-up landing. Contributing to the accident was the flight crew’s inadequate checklist use and crew coordination, and the known diminished capability of the airplane’s communication system.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Flight crew (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 680, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=2076811), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md)
- [Communication (personnel): cRM/MRM techniques](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063540): Personnel issues › Task performance · Flight crew; cases with it: [Cessna 680, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063540/cases.md?model=2076811), [All aircraft, 26 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063540/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Landing: Landing gear not configured](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 680, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095/sequence.md?model=2076811), [All aircraft, 584 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The business jet landed on the runway at the completion of a visual approach with the landing gear retracted. The airplane slid to a stop, and a post-crash fire ensued which resulted in the airplane sustaining substantial damage. The two pilots, the sole occupants, egressed the airplane successfully without injury. InProbably should state where the ground injury occurred. telephone interviews and written statements, the pilots each stated that there were no mechanical deficiencies with the airplane that would have precluded deployment of the landing gear and a successful landing. The first officer further stated that the gear warning was only audible in the left seat (Captain’s) headset and was not heard in her headset (right seat) or the overhead speaker, and that the communications panel had a “history” of problems. Review of the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) confirmed the limitations of the airplane’s communication system, that the crew was aware of them, and that they discussed and debated how to mitigate the system’s limitations. The review also revealed that during the flights on the day of the accident, the performance of Before-Starting-Engines, Engine Start, Before Taxi, Before Takeoff, Before Landing and other tasks did not comport with the manufacturer’s checklists and were sometimes performed without any verbal communication between crewmembers. The CVR recording further revealed that the captain removed his headset due to a 500Hz “squeal” that he failed to identify as the gear warning horn, and consequently missed the repeating, “too low, gear” aural warning that followed.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N680SA](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N680SA), registered now, S/N 680-0237, built 2008 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 680
- Registry model: [Cessna 680](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-680) (registry code 2076811) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney Canada PW306C](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-canada-pw306c) (registry code 52169, turbo-fan) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 680-0237
- Year built: 2008
- Airframe hours: 2288.8
- Engines: P&W CANADA PW306C 5686 lbs thrust turbo fan; P&W CANADA PW306C 5686 lbs thrust turbo fan
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Fire: On-Ground
- Flight: Positioning, Part 91
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, April 16, 2024
- Departed: GWW, Goldsboro, NC
- Destination: Same as departure
- Airport: OCW, Washington-Warren, runway 05/23, 5,000 × 100 ft, asphalt
- Equipment: Angle of attack indicator, ADS-B, Auto-pilot, Stall warning system, Onboard weather, Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display, Data recorder

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 73; injuries: none; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review January 22, 2024; seat: left; restraint: 5-point; flight hours: 19,750 total, 2,650 in this make and model, 9,500 as pilot in command, 38.6 in the last 90 days, 12.9 in the last 30 days
- Co-pilot; age 24; injuries: none; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; last flight review February 20, 2024; seat: right; restraint: 5-point; flight hours: 894.5 total, 186.1 in this make and model, 472.2 as pilot in command, 108.4 in the last 90 days

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 210° at 12 knots, gusting 18
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: 91 °F, dew point 70 °F
- Altimeter: 29.80 inHg
- Observed at: OCW
- METAR: KOCW 181900Z AUTO 21012G18KT 10SM SCT045 33/21 A2980 RMK AO2 T03300210

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20240818010319A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20240818010319A), Aug 18, 2024: Cessna 680, Washington, NC, Destroyed. Washington, NC (ocw): CE-680, landed runway 23 without landing gear extended and veered right off into the grass. Aircraft subsequently caught fire. 2 POB…

## Docket (7 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 3, 2025, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=194945. 7.9 MB in all.

- Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 4.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=18501767&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20Nonsecure%20Copiable_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Memorandum for record a�� telephone interview, captain (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 69 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=18502176&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA24LA351%20ROC%20with%20Pilot_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Memorandum for record a�� telephone interview, co-pilot (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 72 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=18502437&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA24LA351%20Co-pilot%20interview_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Pilot's statement captain (item 4, PDF, 2 pages, 541 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=18502854&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Captain%20Statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Pilot's statement co-pilot (item 5, PDF, 2 pages, 33 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=18502447&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Copilot%20Statement-Rel.pdf
- Photo array (item 6, PDF, 2 pages, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=18502378&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ERA24LA351%20Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf
- Cockpit voice recorder - specialist's factual report (item 7, PDF, 14 pages, 767 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=18952556&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Report_ERA24LA351_v3-Rel.pdf

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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