# NTSB FTW01LA005: Holt Thorpe T-18C, N85LH, Imperial, TX, October 4, 2000 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 4, 2000, 14:00 local (19:00 UTC) - Place: Imperial, TX - Coordinates: 31.27087, -102.689476 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=31.2709&lon=-102.6895&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report July 10, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 50407 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW01LA005 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/50407/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA005 ## Probable cause the failure of the propeller blade due to fatigue, which originated from a corrosion crack. A contributory factor was the pilot/owner's failure to ensure that the propeller was overhauled at the manufacturer's recommended interval. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Propeller failure/malfunction, cruise - propeller system/accessories,blade - corroded (cause) - propeller system/accessories,blade - fatigue (cause) - propeller system/accessories,blade - separation (cause) - maintenance,overhaul - not performed, pilot in command (contributing factor) - Loss of control - in flight, cruise - aircraft control - not possible, pilot in command - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - open field ## Analysis According to witnesses, the amateur-built experimental airplane was in cruise flight between 1,500 and 2,500 feet agl, when they heard a loud noise and observed pieces of the airplane separate from the airframe. Subsequently, the airplane entered a descent and impacted the ground. A fire erupted and consumed the airplane. Examination of the airplane revealed that a propeller blade separated 14.5 inches from the butt end. The blade failed due to fatigue initiating from an intergranular corrosion crack. According to the manufacturer's recommended interval between overhauls, the blade was four years overdue for an overhaul. An overhaul could have detected the corrosion crack that led to the failure. Additionally, each blade had been shortened approximately 6 inches since it was originally manufactured, and the propeller was not approved by the manufacturer for installation on the type of engine in the airplane. ## Factual narrative On October 4, 2000, at 1400 central daylight time, a Holt Thorpe T-18C amateur-built experimental airplane, N85LH, was destroyed when it impacted terrain following an in-flight separation of a propeller blade near Imperial, Texas. The private pilot, who was the registered owner of the airplane, and his passenger, sustained fatal injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a flight plan was not filed for the 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The local flight originated from the Roy Hurd Memorial Airport, Monahans, Texas, approximately 1345. According to witnesses, the airplane was in cruise flight southwest bound, between 1,500 and 2,500 feet agl, when they heard a loud noise and observed pieces of the airplane separate from the airframe. Subsequently, the airplane entered a descent and impacted the ground. A fire erupted and consumed the airplane. The FAA inspector, who examined the airplane, reported that the airplane was equipped with a Lycoming IO-360-B1E engine and a Hartzell HC-F2YR-1F, 2-bladed, constant speed propeller. Sections of the engine cowling were located approximately 1 mile northeast of the accident site. Further examination revealed that one of the two propeller blades (part number F8468A-6R) had fractured and a portion was missing. The missing portion of the blade was not recovered. The propeller was disassembled and the fractured blade was sent to the NTSB Materials Laboratory in Washington, D.C for further examination. The NTSB metallurgist reported that the blade fractured 14.5 inches from the butt end. The fracture surface appeared "relatively flat and parallel to the chordwise plane with a smooth, curving boundary," typical of fatigue. The fatigue features emanated from an intergranular fracture area that was covered by a corrosion product. The metallurgist added that the blade length was not consistent with the original manufacturing specifications. On-scene measurements revealed that the total length of the blade was 32 inches, corresponding to a propeller diameter of 66 inches. When manufactured, the propeller diameter was 80 inches. According to the propeller manufacturer, the recommended time between overhaul on the accident propeller is 2,000 hours or 5 years, whichever comes first. According to the airplane's maintenance logbooks, the propeller underwent its last overhaul on April 10, 1991, and had accumulated a total of 369 hours at that time. On October 1, 2000, the airplane underwent its most recent condition inspection and the propeller had accumulated a total of 743 hours. There was no record of the propeller undergoing an overhaul since 1991. Additionally, the HC-F2YR-1F propeller, was not approved by the manufacturer for installation on the Lycoming IO-360-B1E engine. An autopsy was performed on the pilot by the Bexar County Medical Examiner's Office, of San Antonio, Texas. Toxicological testing was performed by the FAA's Civil Aeromedical Institute of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N85LH](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N85LH-2001-04-19), registration cancelled 2001-04-19, S/N 216 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: HOLT THORPE T-18C (THORPE T-1) - Registry model: [Holt Leroy THORP T-18C](https://openairdocs.org/model/holt-leroy-thorp-t-18c) (registry code 89510P1) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 216 - Airframe hours: 743 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-B1E 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Dayton Earl Ramsey - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, October 1, 2000, 1 hours before - Departed: E01, MONAHANS, TX ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 73; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 4,400 total, 150 in this make and model, 4,400 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 140° at 11 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 95 °F, dew point 41 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: FST, 40 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20001004017259A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20001004017259A), Oct 4, 2000: Grand Falls, TX, No damage, 2 fatal. (-23) The pilot, Mr. Ramsey, departed monahans airport (eoi) with one passenger aboard the aircraft. The flight was performed for the purpose of aerial… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.