# NTSB FTW94LA005: Piper PA-28-180C, N9317J, Albuquerque, NM, October 5, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 5, 1993, 12:30 local (18:30 UTC) - Place: Albuquerque, NM - Coordinates: 35.180759, -106.590507 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.1808&lon=-106.5905&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 3 minor - Status: Completed, report November 18, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 18948 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW94LA005 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/18948/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA005 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE AIRSPEED. THE HIGH DENSITY ALTITUDE WAS A FACTOR. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb - weather condition - high density altitude (contributing factor) - airspeed - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - stall - inadvertent, pilot in command - In flight collision with terrain/water, takeoff - initial climb ## Analysis THE PILOT STATED THAT HE LEANED THE MIXTURE FOR HIGH ALTITUDE JUST PRIOR TO THE TAKEOFF ROLL. SHORTLY AFTER TAKEOFF THE ENGINE STARTED RUNNING VERY ROUGH. AFTER ADVANCING THE MIXTURE TO FULL RICH THE ENGINE LOST ALL POWER, AND HE MADE A FORCED LANDING IN AN OPEN FIELD. AFTER ALL THE OCCUPANTS EXITED THE AIRPLANE, THERE WAS AN EXPLOSION AND THE AIRPLANE BURNED. ONE WITNESS SAID HE SAW THE AIRPLANE MAKE A LEFT TURN, STALL, AND IMPACT THE GROUND. ANOTHER WITNESS, AN ACTIVE PILOT WITH A COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE, SAID THAT HE FIRST OBSERVED THE AIRPLANE AT A LOW AIRSPEED, HIGH ANGLE-OF-ATTACK, CLIMBING AT ABOUT THE SAME RATE AS THE UP-SLOPE OF THE GROUND. IT THEN PITCHED UP AND DOWN, AND ROLLED INTO A SHARPLY DESCENDING LEFT TURN; IT APPEARED TO HIM THAT IT HAD STALLED. AS THE AIRPLANE THEN APPROACHED THE WITNESS'S LOCATION, HE HEARD THE ENGINE OPERATING & DEVELOPING POWER JUST BEFORE IT CRASHED. THE PILOT HAD ORIGINALLY TOLD THE FAA INSPECTOR THAT '...THE AIRCRAFT STALLED.' POST-ACCIDENT ENGINE EXAMINATION DID NOT DISCLOSE ANY ANOMALIES. ## Factual narrative On October 5, 1993, at 1230 mountain daylight time, N9317J, a Piper PA-28-180C, collided with terrain shortly after taking off from Coronado Airport, Albuquerque, New Mexico. One passenger was seriously injured, but the private pilot and two other passengers received only injuries. The airplane was destroyed. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time; no flight plan had been filed for the personal flight. The following is based on the submitted Pilot/Operator Report (6120.1/2). The airplane was fueled to capacity, and three passengers and baggage were loaded for a planned flight to Altus, Oklahoma. Because the wind was from the southwest at seven knots, the pilot took off on runway 17. The engine began running rough at an altitude of approximately 400 feet, so he adjusted the mixture slightly to the rich position, and the engine ran smoother. He turned crosswind and at an altitude of about 600 to 700 feet, the engine began to run rough again so he adjusted the mixture control to full rich. A check of the magnetos, fuel selector, fuel pressure, and oil pressure revealed everything was normal; however the engine lost power and he made a forced landing to an open field. Following the landing the airplane began to burn so all the occupants evacuated the airplane. The airplane was consumed by fire. One witness at the airport told the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector they saw the "airplane make a left turn, stall, and impact the ground." Another witness, who is a commercial and instrument rated pilot, submitted a detailed statement in which he noted "the aircraft pitched up and down and rolled into a sharply descending left turn. It appeared that it had stalled...The engine was operating as I could hear it developing power." The pilot originally told the FAA inspector that "the nose pitched up, the wings wiggled, and the aircraft stalled." When questioned later about the engine roughness, the pilot stated he could "feel the roughness through the rudder pedals." Post-accident engine examination by FAA inspectors failed to disclose any anomalies. According to the pilot, fuel samples taken from three sump drains on the airplane 30 minutes after it was refueled contained no contaminants. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9317J](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9317J-1994-05-03), registration cancelled 1994-05-03, S/N 283426 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28-180C - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-180](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-180) (registry code 7102808) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28-3426 - Airframe hours: 5130 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360-A3A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Castillo, James & Gilbert - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, April 24, 1993, 11 hours before - Destination: AXS, ALTUS, OK - Airport: 4AC, Coronado ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 62; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 233 total, 233 in this make and model, 195 as pilot in command, 5 in the last 90 days, 4 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 7 knots - Visibility: 50 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 0 ft - Temperature: 77 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: ABQ, 9 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19931005037729A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19931005037729A), Oct 5, 1993: Piper PA28180, Albuquerque, NM, Destroyed. Full load on takeoff. Observed nose high wobbly climb and stall. Density altitude and aft loading are factors. ## Other investigations on N9317J (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB DEN84LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN84LA014), Oct 24, 1983: Piper PA-28-180 (N9317J), Englewood, CO, substantial damage - [NTSB FTW83LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW83LA057), Dec 12, 1982: Piper PA-28-180 (N9317J), Grandfield, OK, no damage, 1 fatal From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.