# NTSB FTW95LA046: Raven S100A, N54693, Las Vegas, NM, November 6, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 6, 1994, 13:30 local (20:30 UTC) - Place: Las Vegas, NM - Coordinates: 35.590244, -105.219566 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.5902&lon=-105.2196&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 2 serious, 3 minor, 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 31, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 19307 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW95LA046 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/19307/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA046 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S IMPROPER IN-FLIGHT PLANNING/DECISION. A FACTOR RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WAS: THE HIGH WIND CONDITION. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (cause) - weather condition - high wind (contributing factor) ## Analysis AFTER A 6 HOUR FLIGHT, WITH 1 HOUR OF FUEL REMAINING, THE BALLOON PILOT ELECTED TO LAND. HE LANDED WHERE THE TERRAIN WAS STILL RELATIVELY OPEN, AFTER FLIGHT OVER OTHER AREAS THAT WERE SUITABLE FOR LANDING. THE ON-BOARD GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) INDICATED THE GROUND SPEED WAS 32 MPH. THE PILOT SAID HE ENCOUNTERED 'SIGNIFICANT WIND SHEAR' DURING THE LANDING APPROACH, AND HE VENTED THE ENVELOPE 50 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND. THE BALLOON TOUCHED DOWN AND WAS DRAGGED ACROSS THE GROUND. THERMAL ACTIVITY CAUSED THE BALLOON TO ASCEND, BUT BECAUSE MOST OF THE HOT AIR HAD BEEN VENTED, IT DESCENDED BACK TO THE GROUND AND LANDED HARD. THE PILOT SAID THE WIND HAD BEEN FORECAST TO REMAIN RELATIVELY CALM THROUGHOUT THE DAY; HOWEVER, AT THE TIME OF THE ACCIDENT, HE ESTIMATED IT TO BE AT 28 KNOTS WITH GUSTS TO 33 KNOTS. THE ACCIDENT SITE WAS ABOUT 107 MILES NORTHEAST OF THE LAUNCH SITE. ## Factual narrative On November 6, 1994, approximately 1330 mountain standard time, N54693, a Raven S100A, was substantially damaged during a hard landing near Las Vegas, New Mexico. The commercial pilot and two passengers received minor injuries. Two passengers, one of whom was a ballon rated pilot, sustained serious injuries and one passenger was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The following is based on the pilot's report. After flying for 6 hours with sufficient fuel to remain aloft for another hour, the decision was made to land where the terrain was still relatively open. The on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) indicated the balloon was flying 32 MPH ground speed. As the pilot made his approach for landing he stated that he encountered "significant wind shear" so he vented the envelope 50 feet above the ground. The balloon touched down and was dragged across the ground for 120 yards. He reported that the thermal activity caused the balloon to take off again and ascend to approximately 100 feet above the ground. Because most of the hot air had been vented, it descended back to the ground at an estimated 800 to 900 feet per minute. The balloon landed hard, and was dragged across the ground for an additional 225 yards. The pilot said the wind had been forecast to remain relatively calm throughout the day. When he departed Albuquerque, the wind was light and variable. At the time of the accident, the pilot estimated the wind to be from 250 degrees at 28 knots with gusts to 33 knots. The accident site was about 23 miles east of Las Vegas, New Mexico, or about 107 miles northeast of the launch site. A review of the route of flight revealed that the pilot had numerous opportunities to land as the wind velocity increased. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N54693](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N54693-2012-08-30), registration cancelled 2012-08-30, S/N EXP-400, built 1974 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: RAVEN S100A - Registry model: [Raven Industries S100A](https://openairdocs.org/model/raven-industries-s100a) (registry code 7481004) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [NONE](https://openairdocs.org/engine/none) (registry code 00000, none) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Balloon - Serial number: EXP-400 - Airframe hours: 75 - Engines: unknown - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Airborne Heat, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, December 14, 1993, 7 hours before - Departed: NONE, ALBUQUERQUE, NM ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 55; commercial; flight hours: 2,006 total, 23 in this make and model, 1,985 as pilot in command, 30 in the last 90 days, 10 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 250° at 28 knots, gusting 33 - Visibility: 50 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19941106039999A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19941106039999A), Nov 6, 1994: Airshp S1000, Las Vegas, NM, Substantial damage. Vented high due severe wind landing dragged 100 yards. Ascended came down very hard. Could have landed earlier. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.