# NTSB FTW95LA078: Cessna 310Q, N3848X, Guthrie, OK, January 1, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 31, 1994, 19:40 local (Jan 1, 1995, 01:40 UTC) - Place: Guthrie, OK - Coordinates: 35.840938, -97.420249 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.8409&lon=-97.4202&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 27, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 19331 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW95LA078 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/19331/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA078 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S FLIGHT INTO KNOWN ADVERSE WEATHER RESULTING IN AN INADVERTENT STALL. A FACTOR WAS ICING CONDITIONS. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, landing - flare/touchdown - anti-ice/deice system - not installed - flight into known adverse weather - performed, pilot in command (cause) - weather condition - icing conditions (contributing factor) - airframe - ice - stall - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause) - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown ## Analysis WEATHER BRIEFINGS INCLUDED LOW CEILINGS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ICING UP TO 15,000 FEET MSL. EN ROUTE PILOT REPORTS INCLUDED MODERATE RIME ICING FROM 10,000 FEET MSL DOWN TO 6,000 FEET MSL. AS THE FLIGHT CRUISED AT 4,000 FEET MSL THE PILOT MONITORED THE OAT AT PLUS 5 DEGREES CENTIGRADE. ABOUT 50 MILES NORTHEAST OF OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA, THE FLIGHT ENCOUNTERED MODERATE TURBULENCE AND ICING CONDITIONS AS THE OAT DROPPED TO O DEGREES CENTIGRADE. AS TRACES OF ICE WERE DETECTED ON THE WINDSHIELD AND THE WINGS THE PILOT REQUESTED AND WAS CLEARED TO 3,000 FEET MSL FOR THE ADF RUNWAY 19 APPROACH TO GUTHRIE, OKLAHOMA. ICE CONTINUED TO FORM ON THE AIRPLANE AT A RATE THAT MADE THE HANDLING OF THE AIRPLANE DIFFICULT. SPEED WAS MAINTAINED IN EXCESS OF 120 KNOTS. DURING THE LANDING FLARE THE AIRPLANE STALLED 10 FEET ABOVE THE RUNWAY, RESULTING IN SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE. RIME ICE WAS FOUND ON THE WINGS, VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL STABILIZER. THE AIRPLANE WAS NOT EQUIPPED WITH DEICE EQUIPMENT AND WAS NOT APPROVED FOR FLIGHT INTO ICING CONDITIONS. ## Factual narrative On December 31, 1994, at 1940 central standard time, a Cessna 310Q, N3848X, was substantially damaged during landing near Guthrie, Oklahoma. The airline transport rated pilot and one passenger were not injured. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed for the personal cross country flight. The flight originally departed Neosha, Missouri, on an instrument flight plan to Roswell, New Mexico. The pilot obtained weather briefings which included low ceilings and the possibility of icing up to 15,000 feet MSL. Over Tulsa, Oklahoma, the pilot heard reports of moderate rime icing from 10,000 feet MSL down to 6,000 feet MSL. The pilot monitored the OAT at plus 5 degrees Centigrade as the flight continued en route cruise at 4,000 feet MSL. About 50 miles northeast of Wiley Post Airport, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the flight encountered moderate turbulence and icing conditions as the OAT dropped to 0 degrees centigrade. Once the pilot saw a trace of ice on the windshield and wings, he requested and was cleared by the controller to descend to 3,000 feet MSL and given the ADF Runway 19 approach to Guthrie, Oklahoma. The pilot reported that during the approach the ice continued to form on the airplane at "an extreme rate causing very poor handling of the aircraft." The gear was extended and the airspeed was maintained in "excess of 120 knots indicated." During the landing flare in ground effect, the airplane "stalled out of 10 feet causing an impact forcing the left main gear to fail." The right wing folded down to the ground and the right tip tank was dragging along the runway as the airplane exited the left side of the runway and came to rest. The pilot reported that approximately 2 inches of ice accumulated on the airplane. When the Federal Aviation Administration inspector examined the airplane, rime ice was observed. The right wing was buckled downward and the spar was damaged outboard of the engine nacelle. The left main gear separated during the impact sequence. The airplane was equipped with neither anti- icing nor deicing equipment and was not approved for flight into known icing conditions. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3848X](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3848X-1996-03-11), registration cancelled 1996-03-11, S/N 310Q0778 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 310Q - Registry model: [Cessna 310Q](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-310q) (registry code 2074242) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 310Q0778 - Airframe hours: 5797 - Engines: CONTINENTAL IO-470-V9 265 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Great Southwest Aviation, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, December 20, 1994, 17 hours before - Departed: E0S, NEOSHO, MO - Destination: GOK - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: GOK, Guthrie Municipal, runway 16, 4,120 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 38; flight instructor, airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 4,314 total, 600 in this make and model, 4,099 as pilot in command, 145 in the last 90 days, 46 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night/dark - Wind: 340° at 15 knots - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 500 ft overcast - Temperature: 32 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: PWA, 22 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19941231000109A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19941231000109A), Dec 31, 1994: Cessna 310Q, Guthrie, OK, Substantial damage. Iced up. Diverted to gok. Stalled in landing flare. Two inch airframe icing. Bent wing and gear. No deice equipment From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.