# NTSB FTW95LA288: WSK PZL Mielec PZL-M-18, N4609P, Carlisle, AR, July 11, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 11, 1995, 06:50 local (11:50 UTC) - Place: Carlisle, AR - Coordinates: 34.779396, -91.739456 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.7794&lon=-91.7395&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal, 1 minor; on the ground: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report March 25, 1997 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 19490 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW95LA288 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/19490/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA288 ## Probable cause The pilot delayed pull-up from a swath run and failed to maintain clearance from the obstruction (grain elevator). A factor relating to the accident was: the pilot's use of medications that were not approved for use while flying. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with object, maneuvering - aerial application - pull-up - delayed, pilot in command (cause) - object - building(nonresidential) - clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - impairment(drugs), pilot in command (contributing factor) - object - wire,static ## Analysis During the 4th swath run of an aerial application flight, the flightpath of the airplane was directly in line with a grain elevator that was near the edge of the field. The pilot initiated a pull-up to clear the elevator; however, the airplane struck the ridge line of the dryer roof on the elevator building. The airplane then went into an uncontrolled descent and impacted a lightning wire and a concrete building. Also, a person on the ground was struck by a brick and received minor injuries. A pathology report of the pilot indicated that he was flying with 'lesions that had an appearance consistent with healing burns.' Toxicology tests of the pilot's blood showed 0.087 mcg/ml Norpropoxyphene, and 0.638 mcg/ml Butalbital (pain medications). Tests of his urine showed 0.787 mcg/ml Norpropoxyphene, 0.394 mcg/ml Butalbital, and 81.1 mcg/ml Acetaminophen (Tylenol). Also, Chlorpheniramine (antihistamine) and Pseudoephedrine (decongestant) were detected in his blood; and Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, Ephedrine (decongestant) and Phenylpropanolamine (antihistamine) were detected in his urine. According to an FAA toxicologist, each medication was below a therapeutic level; however, their combined effects would have been additive and may have caused impairment of the pilot. The pain medications and antihistamines are not approved for use while flying. ## Factual narrative On July 11, 1995, at 0650 central daylight time, a WSK-PZL-MIELEC PZL-M-18, N4609P, was destroyed while maneuvering near Carlisle, Arkansas. The commercial pilot was fatally injured and one person on the ground received minor injuries. The airplane was being operated by Almond Flying Service under Title 14 CFR Part 137. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the local aerial application flight and a flight plan was not filed. The flight originated from a private airstrip 33 minutes before the accident. On the enclosed witness statements and the Pilot/Operator Report, the following information was reported. The flight departed at 0617 for spraying a familiar area. During the fourth swath, the flight path was directly in line with a grain elevator located at the approach end of the bean field. Examination of trees and "obstructions disclosed no contact with anything." The pilot "apparently misjudged start of pull up and created an accelerated stall after clearing the elevators." Subsequently the airplane struck the "ridge line of the dryer roof" of the elevator building. The airplane subsequently impacted a concrete building during the uncontrolled descent. The operator and a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector examined the accident site and the airplane. Structural damage was found to the roof of the grain dryer elevator and the concrete building. The leading edge of the right wing was found crushed inward toward the wing spar and portions of a lightning wire from the grain elevator was wrapped about the right wing tip. Propeller blades exhibited bending and twisting with scratches and gouges. The inspector stated that a person on the ground was struck by a brick. The autopsy was performed by the Arkansas State Crime Laboratory at Little Rock, Arkansas. Dr. Salazar, FAA Southwest Regional Flight Surgeon, noted the pathology report indicated "several areas of healing ulceration; these lesions had an appearance consistent with healing burns." Toxicological findings were positive. According to Dr. Canfield of the FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the level of "0.087 (ug/ml, ug/g) Norpropoxyphene (Darvocet) detected in blood and 0.787 ug/ml, ug/g) Norpropoxyphene detected in the urine; 0.638 (ug/ml, ug/g) Butalbital (Fioricet) etected in blood and 0.394 (ug.ml, ug/g) Butalbital detected in urine, both pain medications; Chlorpheniramine (antihistimine) detected in blood approximately and urine; Pseudoephedrine (decongestant) detected in urine; Phenylpropanolamine (antihistimine) detected in urine, and 81.100 (ug/ml, ug/g) Acetaminophen detected in urine, are each below therapeutic level." However, "neither Dsarvocet, Fiocet, nor antihistamines are acceptable to the FAA for use while flying." The "combined effect of these medications would be additive and may cause impairment of judgment in the cockpit." In addition, the "underlying medical condition(s) for which the medications were prescribed/purchased, may have contributed to the discomfort or distraction of the pilot." ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4609P](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4609P-1996-12-06), registration cancelled 1996-12-06, S/N 1Z01208 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: WSK PZL Mielec PZL-M-18 - Registry model: [Wsk-Pzl-Mielec PZL-M-18](https://openairdocs.org/model/wsk-pzl-mielec-pzl-m-18) (registry code 9810102) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 1Z012-08 - Airframe hours: 3464 - Engines: PZL MIELEC ASZ 621R M18 986 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Aerial application, Part 137 - Registered owner: John A. Almond, Sr. - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, February 22, 1995, 504 hours before - Departed: 4M3 ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 41; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: center; toxicology performed; flight hours: 7,149 total, 3,712 in this make and model, 6,583 as pilot in command, 300 in the last 90 days, 120 in the last 30 days, 10 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 75 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19950711048849A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19950711048849A), Jul 11, 1995: Carlisle, AR, Destroyed, 1 fatal. (-16) While performing aerial application the aircraft struck a building resulting in a loss of control. ## Other investigations on N4609P (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB FTW90LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA148), Jul 28, 1990: WSK PZL Mielec PZL-M-18 (N4609P), Carlisle, AR, substantial damage. Probable cause: PILOT'S INITIATION OF THE ABORT WITH EXCESS AIRSPEED. A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR WAS THE ENGINE TACHOMETER OVERSPEED. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.