# NTSB FTW95LA372: Cessna 320, N5720X, Gunnison, CO, August 23, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: August 23, 1995, 12:17 local (18:17 UTC) - Place: Gunnison, CO - Coordinates: 38.539485, -106.920066 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.5395&lon=-106.9201&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report October 19, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 19564 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW95LA372 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/19564/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA372 ## Probable cause FUEL EXHAUSTION INDUCED POWER LOSS DUE TO THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO REFUEL. A FACTOR WAS HIS DISORIENTATION. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, descent - normal - refueling - not performed, pilot in command (cause) - became lost/disoriented - inadvertent, pilot in command (contributing factor) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - roll ## Analysis THE AIRPLANE WAS SERVICED TO CAPACITY (130 GALLONS) ON THE EVENING BEFORE THE ACCIDENT, AND THE PILOT FLEW APPROXIMATELY 15 MINUTES DOING TOUCH-AND-GO LANDINGS. HE DEPARTED BANNING, CALIFORNIA, AT 0600 PDT, EN ROUTE TO BUENA VISTA, COLORADO. UNFAVORABLE WEATHER FORCED THE PILOT TO APPROACH ALAMOSA, COLORADO, FROM THE SOUTHWEST, AND HE TURNED UP THE WRONG VALLEY. INSTEAD OF HEADING TOWARDS BUENA VISTA, HE WAS HEADING TOWARDS GUNNISON, COLORADO. THE PILOT ELECTED TO CONTINUE TO GUNNISON. DURING THE DESCENT, BOTH ENGINES LOST POWER. THE PILOT MADE A FORCED LANDING ON U.S. 50, BUT HAD TO SWERVE OFF THE HIGHWAY TO AVOID AN ONCOMING VEHICLE. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT RECEIVED THE FIRST CALL THAT AN AIRPLANE WAS DOWN AT 1217 MDT. THEY REPORTED FINDING LITTLE EVIDENCE OF FUEL IN THE FUEL TANKS. FLIGHT DURATION WAS APPROXIMATELY 5 HOURS, 17 MINUTES. THE PILOT SAID THE FUEL FLOW GAUGES INDICATED 16 GALLONS PER HOUR IN CRUISE FLIGHT. ACCORDING TO THE CESSNA AIRCRAFT COMPANY, FUEL CONSUMPTION SHOULD HAVE BEEN ABOUT 25 GALLONS PER HOUR. THE PILOT REPORTED THAT HIS FUEL GUAGES SHOWED 15 GALLONS IN EACH MAIN TANK WHEN THE POWER LOSS OCCURRED. ## Factual narrative On August 23, 1995, approximately 1217 mountain daylight time, a Cessna 320, N5720X, was substantially damaged during a forced landing at Gunnison, Colorado. The commercial pilot sustained minor injuries. The flight, operating under 14 CFR Part 91, originated at Banning, California, on August 23, 1995, approximately 0600 Pacific daylight time. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time, and no flight plan was filed for the personal flight. The following is based on the pilot/operator report and information provided by the FAA and Gunnison Airport management. The airplane was serviced to capacity (130 gallons) on the evening before the accident, and the pilot flew for 15 minutes doing touch-and-go landings. The pilot departed Banning, California, the next morning approximately 0600 Pacific daylight time. The pilot used the main tanks initially until the fuel gauges indicated 50 gallons in each tank, then switched to the auxiliary tanks for the next 90 minutes. Due to unfavorable weather, the pilot was forced to approach Alamosa, Colorado, from the southwest. As he turned north to proceed towards Buena Vista, his destination, he saw two valleys with airports at the end. He chose the wrong valley and decided to continue towards Gunnison for fuel. He said he had the airport in sight and with 15 gallons indicated in each main tank, he began his descent. Both engines then lost power. The pilot made a forced landing on U.S. 50, but was forced to swerve off the highway to avoid colliding with an oncoming vehicle. During the ensuing off-road landing roll, the landing gear and right tip tank were sheared off. The airplane then skidded to a halt, sustaining damage to the left wing, fuselage, nose, and empennage. The fire department received the first call that an airplane was down at 1217, or approximately 5 hours, 17 minutes after the airplane departed Banning. Fire department and airport officials reported they found little evidence of fuel in the fuel tanks. The pilot told a Federal Aviation Administration inspector that during the flight, the fuel flow gauges indicated 16 gallons per hour for each engine. According to the Cessna Aircraft Company, fuel consumption should have been about 25 gallons per hour for both engines. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5720X](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N5720X-2013-08-15), registration cancelled 2013-08-15, S/N 320-0020, built 1961 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 320 - Registry model: [Cessna 320](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-320) (registry code 2074502) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental TSI0-470-B](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsi0-470-b) (registry code 17029, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 320-0020 - Engines: CONTINENTAL TSIO-470-B 260 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Martina A. Algin - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: BNG, BANNING, CA - Destination: GUC, CO ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 49; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 1,500 total, 10 in this make and model, 1,350 as pilot in command, 15 in the last 90 days, 5 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 46 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: GUC, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19950823026809A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19950823026809A), Aug 23, 1995: Cessna 320, Gunnison, CO, Substantial damage. Turned up wrong valley. Both engines quit. Landed on highway. Swerved off to avoid car. Fuel tanks were empty. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.