# NTSB FTW96FA113: Cessna 150, N7973F, Galveston, TX, February 10, 1996 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: February 9, 1996, 20:50 local (Feb 10, 1996, 02:50 UTC) - Place: Galveston, TX - Coordinates: 29.249811, -94.919677 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.2498&lon=-94.9197&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report April 29, 1997 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 19623 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW96FA113 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/19623/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96FA113 ## Probable cause the pilot's inadvertent flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and his failure to sufficient altitude. Factors relating to the accident were: darkness, foggy weather conditions, the pilot's lack of instrument experience, his lack of recent flight time, and spatial disorientation. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight encounter with weather, approach - light condition - dark night (contributing factor) - weather condition - fog (contributing factor) - vfr flight into imc - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - altimeter setting - not obtained, pilot in command (contributing factor) - proper altitude - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - spatial disorientation, pilot in command (contributing factor) - lack of recent experience, pilot in command (contributing factor) ## Analysis Weather along the route of flight was VFR until the airplane reached the destination airport, where the weather was IMC at night with heavy fog. According to airport authorities and en route ATC and AFSS facilities, no radio communication was received from the pilot after he filed his initial VFR flight plan. He received a weather brief (valid until 1830 CST) from an AFSS before his initial departure at 1636 CST. The pilot refueled en route and departed the refueling airport at about 1915. After an overdue message was received, airport personnel at the destination located the wreckage at 2120, approximately 1,550 feet beyond the departure end of runway 35. The wreckage (including ground scars) was distributed over a 160 foot area and on a heading of 350 degrees. The pilot was not instrument rated and his last flight was 105 days before the accident. He had logged about 250 hours of flight time, of which 5 hours were simulated instrument time, but no actual instrument time was logged. Also, he had about 23 hours of night time. No uncorrected defects were found in the maintenance records; physical examination of the airframe and engine revealed no anomalies. The altimeter at the accident site was 30.03. The pilot had 29.91 dialed into the altimeter. According to the pilot of another airplane, who flew the ILS approach at about 2115 cst, he entered a fog at about 400 feet agl and made a missed approach at the decision height, because the 'the runway lights were not visible and the incandescent approach lights were barely visible.' ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On February 9, 1996, approximately 2050 central standard time, a Cessna 150, N7973F, was destroyed after colliding with terrain while maneuvering near Galveston Municipal Airport, Galveston, Texas. The private pilot, sole occupant and owner of the airplane, received fatal injuries. The airplane was being operated under Title 14 CFR Part 91 when the accident occurred. The airplane departed Addison Airport, Dallas, Texas, approximately 1636 on a VFR flight plan en route to Galveston, Texas, via Huntsville, Texas. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed along the route of flight; however, instrument conditions prevailed in the vicinity of the accident site. After an uneventful flight between Dallas and Huntsville, the pilot landed at Huntsville Municipal Airport to refuel prior to leaving for his planned destination of Galveston. According to a refueling receipt found in the airplane after the accident, the airplane received 13.9 gallons of 100 low lead aviation fuel at Huntsville. In an interview with the investigator-in charge, a ramp attendant at Huntsville stated that the airplane was "topped off" prior to departure. Although he did not recall the exact time of departure, he thought that it was "sometime around 1915." He added that during a conversation with the pilot, the pilot told him that he was en route to Galveston, and that "fog could be a problem if he didn't hurry up and take off." The pilot also told him that, "if the fog doesn't blow over, I'll be back in." The pilot was a regular customer and, according to the ramp attendant, "it was not typical for [him] to arrive on a Friday night because most of his visits were in the middle of the day." The Conroe, Texas, Flight Service Station contacted Galveston Airport operations at 2045 to inquire about the aircraft as it was in an overdue status. Airport personnel then conducted a ramp check with negative results. At 2055 Galveston police 911 dispatch relayed a cell phone report of an airplane crash north of the airport. Airport operations then mobilized Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) units. The wreckage was located at 2120 on the edge of Galveston Bay, approximately 1,550 feet north of the departure end of runway 35. Although there were no eye witnesses to the accident, it was discovered that 2 fishermen (made cell call to police) who were in a boat north of the airport reported hearing the sound of an aircraft engine through the dense fog, and then a "crash" sound. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot kept detailed records of his flight time. According to those records, that were provided by a family member, the pilot earned his private pilot certificate on March 13, 1993. His total flight time at the time of the accident was approximately 250 hours, and 146 of those hours were flown in N7973F. He had 23 total hours of night time and 0.0 hours of actual instrument time. All of the pilot's 5.0 total hours of simulated instrument time was logged prior to March 14, 1993. His last flight, 105 days prior to the accident, was logged on October 27, 1995 (also logged 2.0 hours of night time on this date). The records revealed that since January 26, 1993, the pilot flew 9 round trip flights as pilot-in-commend from Dallas to Galveston. During those flights, no actual or simulated instrument time was logged. His last round trip flight to Galveston was logged on October 7, 1995. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION According to airframe maintenance records, provided by the owner's family, the aircraft's total time in service was 2,757.1 hours as of its last 100 hour inspection performed on February 8, 1995. Tachometer time and Hobbs time could not be determined at the accident site due to impact damage. However, according to family members, the airplane was flown exclusively by the pilot. Therefore, since the pilot logged about 60.3 hours after the last inspection, the aircraft's total time at the time of the accident was approximately 2,817.4 hours. A review of the maintenance records did not reveal any uncorrected maintenance defects and, according to the records, the airframe was in compliance with applicable airworthiness directives. The records also indicated that the last static system and altimeter check was performed on February 21, 1994. The engine was a Continental model O-200-A. According to engine maintenance records and estimated tachometer time, the engine's total time in service was approximately 2,817.4 hours at the time of the accident. The last major overhaul of the engine was performed on September 3, 1970 (tachometer time 1,611.89 hours before zeroed). The engine's time since major overhaul was approximately 1,205.5 hours at the time of the accident. The engine was operated about 60.3 hours since the last annual inspection performed on February 8, 1995. According to the records, there were no uncorrected maintenance defects and the engine was in compliance with applicable airworthiness directives. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The reported weather observations at Galveston Municipal Airport before and during the accident time period were as follows (estimated time of accident event is 2050): TIME CEILING VISIBILITY TEMP DEW WIND ALTIMETER 1850 100 OVC 1/4 mile/FOG 60 60 180/12 30.01 1950 100 OVC 1/4 mile/FOG 60 60 200/12 30.02 2050 Obscured 1/8 mile/FOG 59 58 170/11 30.03 2127 Obscured 1/8 mile/FOG 59 58 170/10 30.03 In an interview with the investigator-in-charge, the pilot of an aircraft (N5484D) reported that he was executing the ILS RWY 13 approach into Galveston at approximately 2115. He stated that, while being vectored at an altitude of 2,000 feet, "fog was below and it was clear above." Ground lights were "dimly" visible through the fog. On final, he activated the pilot controlled MASLR lights to high intensity and entered the fog bank at approximately 400 feet AGL. At decision height he executed a missed approach due to the fact that "the runway lights were not visible and the incandescent approach lights were barely visible." He added that, the visibility "had to be 3/10 or less." He further stated that he was able to see parked aircraft and distinguish between paved and unpaved surfaces from directly above the fog layer. However, upon entering the fog on the descent, "visual cues disappeared" and he relied solely on his instruments. According to Galveston Airport's daily activity log, the last aircraft to land at the facility on the day of the accident was at 1825. The UNICOM radio attendant at Galveston reported that the foggy weather conditions prevailed at the airport from about 1830 throughout the evening. COMMUNICATIONS The pilot filed a VFR flight plan from Dallas via telephone with Fort Worth Automated Flight Service Station (AFSS) at 1443. He relayed to the operator that he would be departing Dallas at 1530 and would arrive at Galveston between 1800 and 1830. The operator gave the pilot weather information along the route of flight. According to FAA records, the following is a draft transcript portion of the weather information received by the pilot from AFSS between 1443 and 1444 central standard time: 1443:29 AFSS "No adverse weather features anywhere in the state and no flight precautions. Addison is reporting clear and ten surface winds two four zero at one zero. They should be like that as you depart. It's clear across much or about the first half of your trip. Southern half is partly cloudy but still VFR typical of Galveston. They are two thousand scattered, four thousand broken, two five thousand broken, visibility is seven with surface winds one nine zero at one five. What time would you be arriving, I'll check for their forecast." 1444:09 PILOT "I guess be about twenty-four or double thirty." (zulu time) 1444:16 AFSS "Your arrival stays pretty much as they are now with two thousand scattered ceiling ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7973F](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7973F-2013-05-09), registration cancelled 2013-05-09, S/N 15064073, built 1966 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 150 - Registry model: [Cessna 150F](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-150f) (registry code 2071814) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-200 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-200-series) (registry code 17020, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15064073 - Airframe hours: 2817 - Engines: Continental O-200-A 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Ray A. Young - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, February 8, 1995, 60 hours before - Departed: T39, HUNTSVILLE, TX - Destination: GLS - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: GLS, Galveston Municipal, runway 35, 6,001 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 250 total, 146 in this make and model, 186 as pilot in command, 3 in the last 90 days, 3 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night/dark - Wind: 170° at 11 knots - Visibility: 0.01 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 100 ft - Temperature: 59 °F, dew point 57 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: GLS ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19960210001509A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19960210001509A), Feb 10, 1996: Cessna 150F, Galveston, TX, Destroyed, 1 fatal. Crashed. (-23) airman attempted landing at gls in IFR conditons. Airman was not instrument rated. A/c hit ground past departure end of runway 35 in a steep… ## Other investigations on N7973F (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CHI67F0099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI67F0099), Jun 23, 1966: Cessna 150 (N7973F), East St.Louis, IL, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.