# NTSB FTW97FA280: Cessna 150D, N4228U, Fort Collins, CO, July 25, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report - Date: July 25, 1997, 09:45 local (15:45 UTC) - Place: Fort Collins, CO - Coordinates: 40.550544, -105.060157 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.5505&lon=-105.0602&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 2 serious - Status: Completed, report November 6, 1998 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 20046 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW97FA280 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/20046/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97FA280 ## Probable cause Inadequate preflight planning by loading the aircraft over the maximum certificated gross weight, failure to follow procedures and directives by using flaps for takeoff and failing to properly lean the engine for optimum power, and stalling the aircraft. Factors were: Poor judgement by the pilot in operating the aircraft without a current annual inspection, for forging his medical certificate, and failing to obtain and use the proper Owner's Manual for the aircraft. Also, factors were insufficient requirements for the Owner's Manual by the FAA and inadequate aircraft manual information by the manufacturer. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb - weather condition - high density altitude - preflight planning/preparation - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - procedures/directives - not followed, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - open field - airspeed(vs) - not obtained/maintained, pilot in command (cause) - acft/equip,inadequate aircraft manuals, manufacturer (contributing factor) - insufficient standards/requirements,aircraft, faa(organization) (contributing factor) ## Analysis During initial climb following takeoff on a cross-country flight, the aircraft failed to attain a sustained climb and impacted in a field approximately 2 miles from the departure end of the runway. Weather conditions at the time were temperature 92 degrees F, wind calm, and the airport elevation was 4,699 feet msl. The aircraft had been modified by STC to a tailwheel configuration. The Owner's Manual in the aircraft was for the wrong year and model. The aircraft was 32 pounds over maximum gross weight. The pilot was using 10 degrees flaps for takeoff. There are no performance charts for the use of flaps for takeoff and in the narrative portion of the Owner's Manual. The manual recommends that flaps not be used for takeoff from high altitude airports on hot days. In addition, the aircraft was out of annual, the pilot had a forged medical certificate, some work on the aircraft had been performed by the pilot and signed off and he did not possess a mechanic license, and the signatures on the spark plugs revealed the aircraft engine was not leaned for optimum performance. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On July 25, 1997, at 0945 mountain daylight time, a Cessna 150D (tail wheel conversion), N4228U, impacted in a field approximately 1 mile northwest of the departure end of runway 29 at Fort Collins Downtown Airpark, Fort Collins, Colorado, during initial climb following takeoff. The private pilot and his passenger received serious injuries and the aircraft sustained substantial damage. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for this cross-country flight being conducted under Title 14 CFR Part 91, and no flight plan was filed. The flight was originating at the time of the accident. The pilot stated he took off on runway 29 and that the airplane was climbing between 200 and 300 feet per minute when it quit climbing. He said he picked a field to land in but saw power lines in his path and lost airspeed clearing the lines. He further said that after clearing the lines he didn't have "enough altitude to make a good controlled landing." A certified flight instructor who witnessed the event related to the Investigator-in-Charge (IIC) that he was standing approximately 3,500 feet from the departure end of runway 29 and observed the aircraft climbing at an altitude of approximately 100 feet above the ground. He stated that as the aircraft passed by, he noted that the trailing edge flaps appeared to be extended about 10 degrees and the aircraft attitude was 5 to 7 degrees nose up. He said that as he watched the aircraft, it ceased climbing and the nose attitude increased. About 2,000 feet beyond the departure end of the runway, the aircraft had descended to about 50 feet above ground level and the nose attitude was continuing to increase. According to the flight instructor's observations, the aircraft then disappeared in "ground clutter" and a short time later he saw a cloud of dust. This witness stated that he proceeded to the crash site and when he arrived several people had already gathered and some were administering first aid to the two occupants. He said he "turned off the fuel, magnetos, and master electrical" and that emergency personnel arrived approximately 10 minutes later. INJURIES TO PERSONS Both occupants were transported to Poudre Valley Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado. Both received serious injuries to the head and extremities as a result of the accident. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The 34 year old pilot held a private pilot license with a single engine land rating. He did not have an instrument rating. According to a copy of his medical certificate, which he provided, he held a 3rd class medical with vision limitations. The date of issue on the certificate was April 7, 1996. According to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records, the pilot's last medical evaluation was conducted on April 7, 1993. The date of examination on the FAA records was confirmed by the doctor who administered the physical as April 7, 1993. According to information provided by the pilot, his last Biennial flight review was conducted 23 months before the accident in the accident aircraft. He could not provide a verifying flight instructor endorsement for the flight review and said he could not recall the name of the flight instructor. According to the pilot, he said he had approximately 343 hours of total flight time with 304 in the Cessna 150 tail wheel equipped aircraft. No logbooks were made available during the investigation. The pilot's recent experience was not provided on the NTSB pilot report of the accident, and the pilot failed to respond to repeated efforts to gain that information. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION According to the Certificate of Airworthiness found in the aircraft, the aircraft was certificated on December 5, 1963, with a standard airworthiness classification. The registration provided information that it was registered in the pilot's name on October 23, 1991. The Owners Manual found in the aircraft was for a 1966 model Cessna 150. The accident aircraft had been altered to a tail wheel configuration form its original design as a tricycle landing gear equipped aircraft. According to Cessna Aircraft Engineering, standard weight and balance information for the aircraft is not applicable when the aircraft has been altered to a tail wheel configuration. According to information provided in the aircraft records, an FAA Form 337 which refers to the Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) for the conversion to a tail wheel aircraft, the maximum certified gross weight is 1,600 pounds and it has a total fuel capacity of 26 gallons. The STC for the tail wheel conversion was installed on February 11, 1983. The pilot said he had 26 gallons of fuel aboard at takeoff. This information was verified by fuel slips from the Fort Collins Downtown Airpark. According to the aircraft airframe logbook, the last annual inspection was performed on June 17, 1996. At that time, the total time in service on the airframe was recorded as 3,156 hours. The tachometer time recorded during the annual inspection was 2,826 hours. Time recorded from the aircraft during the on scene investigation was a tachometer time of 2,834 hours and Hobbs meter time of 1,189 hours. The last engine logbook entry was on June 17, 1996. The entry was documentation of an annual inspection. According to the logbook entry, total time in service was 3,156 hours, time since overhaul was 1,001, and the tachometer time was 2, 826 hours. The log states that the engine installed was a Continental O-200-A, serial number 4129-3-A. The propeller installed on the aircraft was a McCauley model 1A100MCM6948, serial number 48-39194. The last entry in the propeller log was entered on June 17, 1996, and depicts an annual inspection. Additionally, a review of the aircraft records provided information that the owner performed and signed completion of some maintenance work on the aircraft. According to the FAA, the pilot does not hold a airframe and powerplants mechanics license. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION According to the person on duty, who was operating the Fort Collins Downtown Airpark UNICOM, she did not talk to the aircraft and her recollection was that the winds were light and variable and runway 29 was in use when the accident aircraft departed. She did not recall the altimeter setting their instrument was displaying at the time, but the temperature was 92 degrees. The airport meteorological display is not recorded and it is not equipped with an automated weather observation station. AERODROME INFORMATION Fort Collins Downtown Airpark is a privately owned public airport. Airport elevation is 4,935 feet and runways consist of 11/29 which are 4,699 feet in length and 48 feet wide. The landing surface is asphalt. The runways are lighted from dusk to dawn and there are no taxiway lights. There are precision approach lights on runway 29 and the airport has a non directional beacon on the field. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The accident site was an open flat field located approximately 2 miles from the departure end of runway 29. It was covered by approximately one inch of uniform vegetation in the form of field grass. The surface was firm and smooth. Power lines approximately 30 feet above ground level bordered the eastern edge of the field. There were no other obstructions. The first ground mark found was an arcing scrape approximately 6 inches wide and 5 feet long. At the trailing end of the mark there was a gouge 2 feet to the left which contained pieces of nose cowl material and a knife like slice in the ground. The remaining 120 feet distance to the aircraft was general dishevel of the surface material with portions of Plexiglas, aircraft skin, and one main landing gear assembly scattered throughout The track of witness marks from the initial ground contact was oriented on a magnetic heading of 280 degrees. The aircraft was on a heading of 085 degrees. The structure fr ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4228U](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4228U-2017-07-20), registration cancelled 2017-07-20, S/N 15060228, built 1963 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 150D - Registry model: [Cessna 150D](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-150d) (registry code 2071810) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-200 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-200-series) (registry code 17020, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15060228 - Airframe hours: 3156 - Engines: Continental O-200A 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Jeffery L. Koster - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 1, 1996, 8 hours before - Departed: 3V5 - Destination: D02, OSAGE, IA - Airport: 3V5, Fort Collins Downtown, runway 29, 4,699 × 48 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 37; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, invalid medical for flight; seat: left; flight hours: 343 total, 304 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 91 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19970725019729A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19970725019729A), Jul 25, 1997: Cessna 150D, Fort Collins, CO, No damage. Aircraft crashed. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.