# NTSB FTW97IA112: Boeing 757-2S7, N902AW, Denver, CO, March 2, 1997 - Type: NTSB incident investigation - Classification: Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report - Date: March 1, 1997, 20:12 local (Mar 2, 1997, 03:12 UTC) - Place: Denver, CO - Coordinates: 39.8507, -104.700119 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.8507&lon=-104.7001&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 101 uninjured - Status: Completed, report June 26, 1998 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 20063 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW97IA112 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/20063/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97IA112 ## Probable cause the pilot-in-command's failure to comply with company procedures/directives to not taxi the aircraft beneath the bridge/overpass, and his misjudgment of clearance between the vertical stabilizer and the bridge/overpass. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water collision with object, taxi - from landing - procedures/directives - not followed, pilot in command (cause) - object - bridge/overpass - clearance - misjudged, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis The airplane landed on runway 07, and the crew was instructed to contact ramp control. Ramp control, manned by airport personnel (not ATC personnel) instructed the crew to taxi east on taxiway AS to gate A44. The airplane was taxied underneath a pedestrian bridge/overpass (bridge). The airplane's vertical stabilizer struck the bridge. According to the company's procedures/directives, aircraft larger than the Airbus A320 were not to be taxied beneath the bridge, and the crew had been so advised via dispatch papers. In addition, a cautionary note in the airport taxi chart advised that the bridge provided for 40 foot tail and 117 foot wing clearance. ## Factual narrative On March 1, 1997, at 2012 mountain standard time, a Boeing 757-2S7, N902AW, owned by Meridian Trust Company of Reading, Pennsylvania, and operated by America West Airlines, Inc., of Phoenix, Arizona, sustained minor damage when it struck an overhead bridge while taxiing at Denver, Colorado, International Airport. There were no injuries to the two cockpit crew members, 4 cabin crew members, and 95 passengers. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and an IFR flight plan had been filed. The airplane was being operated as Flight 491, scheduled domestic passenger service, under Title 14 CFR Part 121. The flight originated at Phoenix, Arizona, at 1819 Pacific standard time. According to the transcript of control tower communications, the airplane landed on runway 07. At 1952:49, as its landing roll was slowing, the crew was instructed to "turn left at (taxiway) bravo four" and to remain on the tower frequency until entering taxiway "alpha sierra, then contact ramp tower contact ramp control." The crew acknowledged. At 1953:08 the tower controller asked, "You don't normally fly a (Boeing) seven five (seven) in here, do you?" The crew did not answer, and there were no further transmissions between Denver control tower and flight 491. There was a recording equipment malfunction in the B concourse control tower. As a result, only transmissions from the controller were recorded. According to the transcript, the controller instructed "Cactus 491, (taxi via) alpha sierra to the gate (A-44), sir. Be advised that we've got men in vehicles that are working in that area. They should give way to you but if you have any problems with that commute, give me a call back." The B concourse control tower is manned by airport personnel, not FAA air traffic control (ATC) personnel. According to the assistant deputy manager of aviation, most of the personnel are former military or civilian ATC personnel and have been thoroughly trained in ground operations. To get to gate A-44 via taxiway alpha sierra, the airplane had to pass beneath an overhead bridge connecting the main terminal building and "A" concourse. As the airplane passed beneath the bridge, its vertical stabilizer struck the bridge, crushing the vertical stabilizer cap and rudder. The following note appears on the Jeppesen taxi chart: "CAUTION: OVERHEAD PASSENGER BRIDGE ON SOUTH SIDE OF CONCOURSE A PROVIDES 40' TAIL AND 117' WINGSPAN CLEARANCE WHEN ON TAXIWAY CENTERLINES." The following America West NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) was contained in the dispatch release and was given to the flight crew: "757 AIRCRAFT EFFECTIVE 1 MARCH, DO NOT TAXI UNDER THE PASSENGER BRIDGE SOUTH SIDE OF CONCOURSE A." According to the captain's statement, "it appeared that there was more than adequate clearance for the tail of the aircraft, but I became more concerned with the wingtip clearance from the side support of the bridge rather than the tail clearance." In his statement the controller on duty in the B concourse control tower wrote, "All I could see was the aircraft's lights and told the aircraft to taxi alpha sierra. I was not expecting a (Boeing) 757 on this flight and did not see the aircraft was a 757." According to an America West spokesman, this was the first time the airline had used the Boeing 757 on this particular route. They had previously used the Airbus 320. There is adequate clearance for the Airbus 320, but not the Boeing 757, to pass beneath the overhead bridge. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N902AW](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N902AW-2018-03-07), registration cancelled 2018-03-07, S/N 23322, built 1985 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Boeing 757-2S7 - Registry model: [Boeing 757-2S7](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-757-2s7) (registry code 1384962) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Rolls-Royce RB-211 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/rolls-royce-rb-211-series) (registry code 54555, turbo-fan) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 23322 - Airframe hours: 45376 - Engines: Rolls-Royce RB 211-535E4 40000 lbs thrust turbo fan - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Part 121 - Operator: America West Airlines - Registered owner: Meridian Trust Company - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Transport - Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, March 1, 1997, 5 hours before - Departed: PHX, PHOENIX, AZ - Destination: DEN - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: DEN, Denver International ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 56; commercial, airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 17,500 total, 2,500 in this make and model, 15,000 as pilot in command, 130 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 160° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 30 °F, dew point 19 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: DEN ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19970302001939A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19970302001939A), Mar 2, 1997: Boeing 7572S7, Denver, CO, Substantial damage. Aircraft was taxiing inbound on ramp to gate, tail struck a pedestrian bridge. ## Other investigations on N902AW (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB LAX90LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA021), Nov 6, 1989: Boeing 757-2S7 (N902AW), Phoenix, AZ, no damage. Probable cause: THE GROUND HANDLER IMPROPERLY CROSSING UNDER THE AIRCRAFT WHILE IT WAS MOVING. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.