# NTSB FTW97LA064: Cessna P210N, N210BG, Muskogee, OK, December 18, 1996 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 17, 1996, 22:07 local (Dec 18, 1996, 04:07 UTC) - Place: Muskogee, OK - Coordinates: 35.720729, -95.469924 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.7207&lon=-95.4699&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed, report August 29, 1997 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 20129 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW97LA064 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/20129/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA064 ## Probable cause the pilot's improper planning/decision and inaccurate fuel consumption calculations, which resulted in an inadequate supply of fuel, fuel exhaustion, and a subsequent forced landing at night. Darkness was a related factor. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - normal - planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (cause) - fuel consumption calculations - inaccurate, pilot in command (cause) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - fuel supply - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - In flight collision with terrain/water, emergency landing - light condition - dark night (contributing factor) ## Analysis The pilot was hired to fly the aircraft from Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Little Rock, Arkansas, to Gulf Shores, Alabama, for prospective buyers to examine the aircraft, and then to return to Tulsa. After takeoff from Tulsa International Airport, the tower advised the pilot that smoke was coming from the aircraft. He returned to the airport and had the aircraft checked for the source of smoke. He was informed that the aircraft had a Riley Intercooler Conversion, which dictated that the mixture be leaned for takeoff. He then departed with no apparent problem. At Gulf Shores, the pilot demonstrated the aircraft, and 25 gallons of fuel were added. He then departed Gulf Shores for a night, cross-country flight back to Tulsa. He diverted to Fort Smith Regional Airport, Fort Smith, Arkansas for fuel. Nine gallons of fuel were added, and then he departed for Tulsa. Subsequently, the airplane was damaged during a forced landing at night at the Davis Airport, Muskogee, Oklahoma. The total fuel drained from all of the fuel tanks was 1.5 gallons, and there was no evidence of fuel spillage. Investigation showed that 154 gallons of fuel were available for the mission. Estimated fuel required to reach Muskogee with no reserve was 154 gallons. ## Factual narrative On December 17, 1996, approximately 2207 central standard time, a Cessna P210N, N210BG, registered to Joint Air Inc., and operated by Corporate Aircraft Marketing as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 business flight, was substantially damaged during a forced landing following a loss of power near Muskogee, Oklahoma. Night visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a flight plan was not filed. The airline transport rated pilot was seriously injured. The flight departed Fort Smith, Arkansas, about 47 minutes before the accident. The operator reported to the investigator-in-charge that he hired the pilot to fly the aircraft from Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Little Rock, Arkansas, then to Gulf Shores, Alabama, for prospective buyers to examine the aircraft, and then fly it back to Tulsa. He further reported that the pilot could not locate the prospective buyer at Little Rock, so he proceeded to Gulf Shores. At Gulf Shores the pilot demonstrated the aircraft to the prospective buyers, and the aircraft was fueled with 25 gallons of 100 octane low lead avgas prior to departing for Tulsa. The aircraft departed Gulf Shores, Alabama, on an IFR flight plan at approximately 1800, with a destination of Tulsa, Oklahoma. The aircraft diverted to, and landed at the Fort Smith Regional Airport, Fort Smith, Arkansas. The pilot advised the FBO that he had ony $22.00 cash, and asked to purchase as much fuel as he could for that amount. At 2115, nine gallons of 100 octane low lead avgas was added to the right fuel tank. The aircraft departed for Tulsa, Oklahoma, shortly after the fueling was completed. Razorback approach control reported that the pilot canceled radar services 18 nautical miles northwest of Fort Smith, Arkansas, at an altitude of 10,300 feet MSL. Memphis Center and Fort Smith approach were able to produce a radar track of the flight with the National Track Analysis Program (NTAP). The NTAP indicated that at 2159:05 the aircraft was at 10,400 feet, approximately 10 miles north of the Davis Airport, Muskogee, Oklahoma, when it made a turn to the south and began descending. The last readout from the NTAP was at 2203:39, and showed the aircraft 2 miles north of the airport at 4,200 feet. Fort Smith approach, Tulsa approach, and McAlester AFSS did not receive any emergency transmissions from the aircraft. The aircraft was reported missing by the operator when it failed to arrive at the Tulsa International Airport. The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) located the aircraft wreckage the following morning at about 0525 on the Davis Airport property approximately 100 feet to the left side of runway 31, abeam the runway identification numbers. According to a CAP representative, "there was no fuel odor and no evidence of a fuel spill." The pilot was not located until 0715, approximately 600 feet from the aircraft. According to the service manager of Autopilots Central, Inc., after takeoff from Tulsa International Airport, the tower reported to the pilot that smoke was coming from the aircraft. The pilot returned to the airport, and requested the service manager to examine the aircraft. Following an engine run, it was determined that the pilot was running the engine too rich on takeoff causing black smoke. The service manager instructed the pilot on the required fuel settings to use for takeoff and climb. This aircraft was equiped with a Riley Intercooler conversion, which dictated that the mixture be leaned for takeoff. The pilot then took off the second time with no apparent problems. Autopilots Central, Inc. is a maintenance facility that had been contracted to perform a pre-purchase inspection of the accident aircraft. Examination of the wreckage by the FAA inspector revealed that the aircraft came to rest upright. The nose landing gear was separated from the fuselage, and left main landing gear was folded under. The right wing was bent outboard of its flap, and one propeller blade was bent aft. Examination of the fuel system revealed that the fuel selector was selected to the right fuel tank, the left fuel tank was dry, and the combined total of fuel drained from all of the fuel tanks was 1.5 gallons. The aircraft was equipped with the optional Flint Industries auxiliary wingtip fuel tanks, which give the aircraft a total capacity of 120 gallons of usable fuel, and they were topped off prior to the first takeoff at Tulsa. Fuel consumption estimates provided by the manufacturer revealed that there was 154 gallons of usable fuel available for the flight, and it was estimated that it would require 154 gallons to reach Muskogee with no reserve. These estimates do not include the second takeoff that was made at Tulsa. Attempts to obtain a completed Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1/2, were unsuccessful. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N210BG](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N210BG), registered now, S/N P21000025, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna P210N - Registry model: [Cessna P210N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-p210n) (registry code 2073454) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: P21000025 - Airframe hours: 2510 - Engines: Continental TSIO-520-P 310 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Business, Part 91 - Operator: Corporate Aircraft Marketing - Registered owner: Joint Air Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 26, 1996, 101 hours before - Departed: FSM, FORT SMITH, AR - Destination: TUL, TULSA, OK - Airport: MKO, Davis Field, runway 31, 7,200 × 150 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 53; airline transport, flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 11,450 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 330° at 10 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 25 °F, dew point 14 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: MKO ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19961217040659A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19961217040659A), Dec 17, 1996: Cessna P210N, Muskogee, OK, Substantial damage. Ran out of fuel en route at night at FL100 cruise. Crash landed on airport. Failed lean properly. (-23) leif langbakk had been hired to fly N210BG to little… ## Other investigations on N210BG (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB GAA18CA271](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA271), May 9, 2018: Cessna P210 (N210BG), Grass Valley, CA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a long landing and a runway excursion. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.