# NTSB FTW98LA222: Mooney M20E, N1306W, Watkins, CO, May 18, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: May 17, 1998, 21:30 local (May 18, 1998, 03:30 UTC) - Place: Watkins, CO - Coordinates: 39.750816, -104.599014 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.7508&lon=-104.5990&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 15, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 20608 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW98LA222 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/20608/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA222 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain visual contact with the taxiway. Factors were the pilot's disabling the electrical system by turning off the master switch, a dark night, and excessive taxi speed. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, taxi - from landing - electrical system - closed (contributing factor) - taxispeed - excessive, pilot in command (contributing factor) - light condition - dark night (contributing factor) - visual lookout - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis The pilot said that he experienced a total electrical failure while on a night cross-country flight. He landed without incident but while taxiing along the unlit taxiway, he lost sight of the centerline stripe. The airplane went off the taxiway and down an embankment. The airport night manager said the pilot told him he would 'turn on the navigation lights, if necessary,' to warn other airplanes. Postaccident inspection disclosed that when the master switch was turned on, all electrical components functioned normally. A specific gravity check indicated the battery was fully charged. According to the operator's records, the Hobbs meter and tachometer registered 65.9 and 3903.3, respectively, when the pilot checked the airplane out. At the accident site, the Hobbs meter and tachometer registered 67.6 and 3905.1, respectively, a Hobbs meter difference of 1.7 hours and a tachometer difference of 1.8 hours. The operator said he believed the pilot had turned off the master switch in an attempt to save on rental charges. He had also received reports from other renter pilots who said the pilot had bragged about saving money by turning off the master switch. An FAA inspector said that, based on the point where the aircraft departed the taxiway and its point of impact, taxi speed was excessive. ## Factual narrative On May 17, 1998, approximately 2130 mountain daylight time, a Mooney M20E, N1306W, operated by Flight Training, Inc., was substantially damaged when collided with terrain while taxiing from landing at Watkins, Colorado. The private pilot and one passenger were not injured, but another passenger sustained a minor injury. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and a VFR flight plan had been filed. The flight was conducted under Title 14 CFR Part 91, and had originated at Akron, Colorado, approximately 2030. According to the pilot's accident report, while en route to the Front Range Airport, the cockpit "lights dimmed [electrical charging system failure]." He shut down all electrical devices with the exception of the navigation lights and rotating beacon. He said that as he got closer to his destination, he "did not have enough [electrical] power to communicate or turn on the runway lighting system." Front Range Airport's approach lights came on and he flew towards the airport. He then noticed two airplanes in the traffic pattern. He landed on runway 17. Although runway 17 is equipped with pilot-controlled high intensity runway lights, the parallel taxiway is not illuminated0. The pilot said that after he turned off the runway, he tracked the taxiway centerline. He said he "was blind. . .The battery was exhausted. . .The visibility was near zero. I was fixated on the center line of the taxiway and negotiated some turns. I lost the center line and went off the taxi way, where I pulled back on the elevator control for soft field procedure. There was a sensation of falling. The aircraft had gone off a sharp embankment." According to the airport's night manager, he was driving to the fuel farm when he encountered the pilot walking along the taxiway. The pilot told him what had happened, then expressed concern that the airplane might be a hazard to other traffic and offered to "turn on the navigation lights, if necessary." The night manager said he thought the remark was odd if the airplane had had a total electrical failure. An FAA inspector later examined the airplane. When the master switch was closed, all electrical components functioned normally. Additionally, the inspector said that, based on the point where the aircraft departed the taxiway and its point of impact, taxi speed was excessive. The airplane operator asked a mechanic to examine the airplane. In his written statement, the mechanic said he "checked all lights [internal and external] and found them operational except for the landing light, which had been broken during the off-pavement excursion. Closer inspection of the landing light showed that when it was broken, it was not illuminated. A specific gravity check. . .found the battery to be fully charged. Inspection of the battery relays and primary power bus also showed no defects." The airplane owner contacted this investigator and said that according to the operator's records, the Hobbs meter and tachometer registered 65.9 and 3903.3, respectively, when the pilot checked the airplane out. At the accident site, the Hobbs meter and tachometer registered 67.6 and 3905.1, respectively, a Hobbs meter difference of 1.7 hours and a tachometer difference of 1.8 hours. The Hobbs meter is electrically driven and begins operating when the master switch is turned on. The tachometer is driven by engine oil pressure and begins operating when the engine is started and oil pressure is sensed. It is also affected by engine speed; the higher the rpm, the faster the clock operates. Airplane renters have historically billed customers based on the Hobbs meter reading because it registers approximately .1 to .2 hours greater than the tachometer. The airplane owner and operator said they became suspicious when they discovered the tachometer registered .1 greater than the Hobbs meter, and expressed the belief that the pilot had turned off the master switch in an attempt to save on rental charges. This investigator, accompanied by the airplane operator, went to the accident site on June 25, 1998. Faint tire marks, identified by the operator as having been made by N1306W, were noted on the tarmac. These marks were approximately 75 feet long and terminated at an embankment dropoff. At the bottom of the dropoff, approximately 140 feet from the edge of the tarmac, were ground scars identified by the operator as having been made by the airplane's landing gear. There were no ground scars between the tarmac and the point of impact. This investigator also examined the airplane in its hangar. According to the operator, the only disturbance to the airplane was the removal of the right portion of the engine cowling. All electrical components came on line when the master switch was turned on. The airplane operator said he had also received reports from other renter pilots who said they had heard the pilot brag about being able to save money by turning off the master switch. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N1306W](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N1306W), registered now, S/N 194, built 1963 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Mooney M20E - Registry model: [Mooney M20E](https://openairdocs.org/model/mooney-m20e) (registry code 5870212) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 194 - Airframe hours: 3905 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-A1A 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Flight Training, Inc. - Registered owner: Martin W. Brink - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, May 7, 1998, 17 hours before - Departed: AKO, AKRON, CO - Destination: FTG - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: FTG, Front Range ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 38; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 131 total, 23 in this make and model, 68 as pilot in command, 21 in the last 90 days, 7 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 170° at 13 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 59 °F, dew point 34 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: DEN, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980517019699A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980517019699A), May 17, 1998: Mooney M20E, Denver, CO, Substantial damage. Went off taxiway at night and down an embankment. Had lost electrical power. Unable see taxiway line. (.4)the pilot said that he experienced a total electrical… ## Other investigations on N1306W (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB SEA80DYA05](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA80DYA05), Dec 21, 1979: Mooney M20E (N1306W), Burley, ID, substantial damage - [NTSB CHI65F0052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI65F0052-177393), Jun 16, 1965: Mooney S-21 (N1306W), Big Rapids, MI, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.