# NTSB FTW99LA273: Cessna 152, N5399B, Slaton, TX, September 30, 1999 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 30, 1999, 11:30 local (16:30 UTC) - Place: Slaton, TX - Coordinates: 33.430171, -101.640129 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.4302&lon=-101.6401&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 30, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 47478 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=FTW99LA273 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/47478/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA273 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to refuel the airplane resulting in fuel exhaustion. Factors were the pilot's inadequate preflight planning and the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - refueling - not obtained, pilot in command (cause) - preflight planning/preparation - inadequate, pilot in command (contributing factor) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with terrain/water, landing - roll - terrain condition - berm - terrain condition - none suitable (contributing factor) ## Analysis The airplane's nose landing gear struck a dike and the airplane flipped to the inverted position during a forced landing following a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion. The solo student pilot/owner did not refuel the airplane before departing on the second leg of the round trip cross country flight. No physical evidence of fuel or compromise of the integrity of the fuel system was observed at the accident site. Total fuel capacity for the airplane is 39 gallons (37.5 usable fuel) and about 2 gallons of fuel was drained from the tanks. The student pilot based his calculated fuel consumption on cruise performance at 4.7 gallons per hour for a pressure altitude of 8,000 feet; however, the Cessna 152 performance chart indicates a fuel burn of 4.9 gallons per hour. Further, the pilot did not calculate the climb performance to cruise altitude. When asked how the accident could have been prevented, the pilot stated, 'I could have topped off the tanks before the return trip.' ## Factual narrative On September 30, 1999, at 1130 central daylight time, a Cessna 152 single engine airplane, N5399B, sustained substantial damage upon impacting the terrain during a forced landing following a total loss of engine power near Slaton, Texas. The airplane was owned and operated by the student pilot under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. The student pilot, sole occupant, was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the solo cross country instructional flight, and a visual flight rules (VFR) flight plan was filed. The flight departed Decatur Municipal Airport, Decatur, Texas. During interviews, conducted by the local authorities and the FAA inspector, the student pilot stated that he landed the airplane in the cotton field after the "engine failed due to fuel starvation" during the second leg of the round trip solo cross country flight from Lubbock, Texas, to Decatur, Texas. The student pilot departed Lubbock with full fuel tanks. Before departing Decatur, the pilot visually checked the fuel tanks and observed the fuel tank level was about an inch below the filler neck on each tank. The fuel gauges indicated over 24 gallons. At approximately 98 nautical miles from the destination airport, the student pilot "noticed that the fuel gauge on the right was beginning to drop quicker than the gauge on the left." The pilot diverted toward the Slaton Municipal Airport; however, the airplane was approximately 8 miles from the airport when the "engine began to lose power." A forced landing was performed in the cotton field; however, when the front landing gear touched down in the dirt, the airplane flipped to the inverted position. The local authorities found no physical evidence of fuel at the site or compromise of the integrity of the fuel system. The FAA inspector, who examined the accident site, reported that the airplane struck a dike during the landing roll. The rear spar of the right wing was damaged, and leading edge dents were found in both wings. Total fuel capacity for the airplane is 39 gallons (37.5 usable). The inspector reported that "when both fuel tanks were drained, about 2 gallons of fuel remained between both fuel tanks." The inspector further reported that the student pilot based his calculated fuel consumption on cruise performance at 4.7 gallons per hour for a pressure altitude of 8,000 feet; however, the Cessna 152 performance chart indicates a fuel burn of 4.9 gallons per hour. The pilot "failed to calculate the climb performance to cruise altitude." No pre-impact discrepancies were found by the FAA inspector with the engine or the airframe. The student pilot reported that he and his flight instructor performed the fuel calculations for the flight. According to a Flight Log, provided by the pilot, he was not tracking fuel consumption during the flight. On the Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1/2), the owner/pilot was asked the following question: How could this accident have been prevented? The owner responded, "I could have topped off the tanks before the return trip." ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5399B](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N5399B), registered now, S/N 15283861, built 1979 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 152 - Registry model: [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152) (registry code 2071835) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15283861 - Airframe hours: 8499 - Engines: Lycoming O-235-L2C 110 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Stewart W. Hicks - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, July 9, 1999, 97 hours before - Departed: 8F7, DECATUR, TX - Destination: F82, LUBBOCK, TX - Flight plan: VFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 42; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 52 total, 52 in this make and model, 20 as pilot in command, 23 in the last 90 days, 9 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 180° at 16 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 68 °F, dew point 18 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: LBB, 18 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19990930043089A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19990930043089A), Sep 30, 1999: Cessna 152, Slaton, TX, No damage. (-23) On September 30, 1999, stewart warren hicks, student pilot certificate #EE-2928587, operated Cessna 152, N5399B, on a solo cross country flight,… ## Other investigations on N5399B (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB FTW92LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA006), Oct 9, 1991: Cessna 152 (N5399B), Lubbock, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: FUEL EXHAUSTION AS A RESULT OF THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO REFUEL THE AIRPLANE PRIOR TO THE FLIGHT. A FACTOR WAS THE FBO'S FAILURE TO PROPERLY MAINTAIN THE FUEL QUANTITY GAUGES. - [NTSB MKC82DA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC82DA084), May 19, 1982: Cessna 152 (N5399B), Ainsworth, NE, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.