# NTSB GAA16CA449: Cessna 182, N4810N, Fallbrook, CA, August 24, 2016 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: August 24, 2016, 14:25 local (21:25 UTC) - Place: Fallbrook, CA - Coordinates: 33.354442, -117.250556 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.3544&lon=-117.2506&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report January 18, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 93892 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA16CA449 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/93892/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93892 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA449 ## Probable cause The flight instructor's failure to go-around and the subsequent long landing and his failure to maintain directional control, which resulted in a runway excursion. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 34 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Action: lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 792 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 3,958 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: surface speed/braking](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062045): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded; cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062045/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 238 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062045/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 400 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 17 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that during a Civil Air Patrol evaluation flight, he decided to demonstrate a power off landing to the pilot being evaluated. The flight instructor further reported that the airplane touched down within the first 400 feet of the 2,160-foot runway and reported that the brakes were ineffective during the landing roll. The pilot witness who observed the landing from the left seat reported that he observed heavy braking, some swerving, a loss of control, and the airplane exited the left side of the runway near the departure end of the runway. During the runway excursion, the airplane nosed over and sustained substantial damage to the fuselage, empennage, and the right wing lift strut. In a Civil Air Patrol online system, the pilot witness reported that over the runway threshold the airspeed was 84 knots, the altitude was 20 feet, and the airplane touchdown zone was 1/2 to 2/3 down the runway, with 1000 feet of runway remaining. The local flight school provided video surveillance of the landing. The video showed the airplane still airborne while in the camera frame, which was about 700 feet past the runway threshold. The airplane subsequently moved out of camera view and was still airborne. The video did not show the airplane touch down on the runway. In a post-accident examination four days after the accident by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), both brakes were found to be functional. In a post-accident inspection almost two weeks after the accident by the repair mechanic, it was revealed that the left brake was working, but the right brake was "full of air." The mechanic reported that when the airplane was upside down air can enter into the hydraulic system, so "all bets are off". The mechanic further reported that there were no flat or bald spots on the tires. ## Factual narrative The flight instructor reported that during a Civil Air Patrol evaluation flight, he decided to demonstrate a power off landing to the pilot being evaluated. The flight instructor further reported that the airplane touched down within the first 400 feet of the 2,160-foot runway and reported that the brakes were ineffective during the landing roll. The pilot witness who observed the landing from the left seat reported that he observed heavy braking, some swerving, a loss of control, and the airplane exited the left side of the runway near the departure end of the runway. During the runway excursion, the airplane nosed over and sustained substantial damage to the fuselage, empennage, and the right wing lift strut. In a Civil Air Patrol online system, the pilot witness reported that over the runway threshold the airspeed was 84 knots, the altitude was 20 feet, and the airplane touchdown zone was 1/2 to 2/3 down the runway, with 1000 feet of runway remaining. The local flight school provided video surveillance of the landing. The video showed the airplane still airborne while in the camera frame, which was about 700 feet past the runway threshold. The airplane subsequently moved out of camera view and was still airborne. The video did not show the airplane touch down on the runway. In a post-accident examination four days after the accident by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), both brakes were found to be functional. In a post-accident inspection almost two weeks after the accident by the repair mechanic, it was revealed that the left brake was working, but the right brake was "full of air." The mechanic reported that when the airplane was upside down air can enter into the hydraulic system, so "all bets are off". The mechanic further reported that there were no flat or bald spots on the tires. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4810N](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4810N-2017-03-07), registration cancelled 2017-03-07, S/N 18267384, built 1979 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182 (Q) - Registry model: [Cessna 182Q](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182q) (registry code 2072732) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental O-470 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-470-series) (registry code 17026, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18267384 - Year built: 1980 - Airframe hours: 4069.8 - Engines: CONT MOTOR O-470-U-17 240 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Civil Air Patrol Inc. - Registered owner: Civil Air Patrol Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 26, 2016 - Departed: L18, Fallbrook, CA - Destination: L18, Fallbrook, CA - Airport: L18, Fallbrook Community Airpark, runway 18, 2,160 × 60 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Auto-pilot, Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 79; injuries: minor; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review January 19, 2016; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 7,400 total, 1,200 in this make and model, 6,900 as pilot in command, 55 in the last 90 days, 13 in the last 30 days - Pilot; age 77; injuries: minor; commercial, flight instructor, airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review August 16, 2015; seat: left; restraint: 3-point ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 8 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 73 °F, dew point 63 °F - Altimeter: 29.98 inHg - Observed at: KNFG, 6 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20160824021719A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20160824021719A), Aug 24, 2016: Cessna 182Q, Fallbrook, CA, Substantial damage. On down wind landing at Fallbrook community airpark the flight instructor took command of the aircraft to demonstrate a no flap approach and landing. Landing… ## Docket (9 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 7, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93892. 2.8 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446209&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Pilot's Statement (item 2, .PDF, 98 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446210&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%27s%20Statement-Master.PDF - Pilot's Statement in CAP (item 3, .PDF, 152 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446211&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%27s%20Statement%20in%20CAP-Master.PDF - Flight Instructor's Statement (item 4, .PDF, 87 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446212&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Flight%20Instructor%27s%20Statement-Master.PDF - Memorandum for Record - Telephone Interview, Pilot (item 5, .PDF, 123 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446213&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20for%20Record%20-%20Telephone%20Interview,%20Pilot-Master.PDF - FAA Inspector's Statement (item 6, .PDF, 107 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446214&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%27s%20Statement-Master.PDF - Memorandum for Record - Telephone Interview, Mechanic (item 7, .PDF, 186 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446215&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20for%20Record%20-%20Telephone%20Interview,%20Mechanic-Master.PDF - Accident Photo (Courtesy of Unknown) (item 8, .PDF, 1 photo, 190 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446216&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photo%20(Courtesy%20of%20Unknown)-Master.PDF - Video File (item 9, .PDF, 11 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446217&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Video%20File-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.