# NTSB GAA16CA472: Cessna 172, N335SP, Kahului, HI, July 10, 2016 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: July 10, 2016, 10:00 local (19:00 UTC) - Place: Kahului, HI - Coordinates: 20.897777, -156.429992 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=20.8978&lon=-156.4300&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report December 5, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 93975 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA16CA472 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/93975/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93975 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA472 ## Probable cause The pilot's incorrect pitch control during the landing flare, which resulted in a porpoise and hard landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: pitch control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062022): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 26 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062022/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 526 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062022/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 206 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Other weather encounter](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,127 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 77 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that during the landing touchdown, there were "two small bounces" and then the airplane bounced a third time "hard." The pilot further reported that he was able to taxi the airplane onto a taxiway and subsequently shutdown the engine. The firewall sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot reported that during the landing touchdown, there were "two small bounces" and then the airplane bounced a third time "hard." The pilot further reported that he was able to taxi the airplane onto a taxiway and subsequently shutdown the engine. The firewall sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N335SP](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N335SP), registered now, S/N 172S9495, built 2003 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172 (S) - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 172S9495 - Year built: 2003 - Airframe hours: 5470 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Maui Aviators LLC - Registered owner: Maui Aviators LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, June 29, 2016 - Departed: OGG, Kahului, HI - Destination: OGG, Kahului, HI - Airport: OGG, Kahului, runway 05, 4,990 × 150 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Auto-pilot, Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 84; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 1,100 total, 450 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 40° at 17 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 82 °F, dew point 70 °F - Altimeter: 30.01 inHg - Observed at: PHOG ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20160710014549A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20160710014549A), Jul 10, 2016: Cessna 172S, Kahukui, HI, Substantial damage. Kahului, HI (ogg): N335SP, C172, cleared for touch and go on rwy 5. N335SP then had 2 hard bounces on touchdown and veared off to the left of rwy 5 into the… ## Other investigations on N335SP (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CHI06CA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA183), Jul 9, 2006: Cessna 172S (N335SP), Baltimore, OH, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to attain sufficient airspeed during the takeoff which resulted in the inadvertent stall and collision with the ground. ## Docket (1 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 31, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93975. 116 KB in all. - Accident Photos (Courtesy of FAA) (item 1, .PDF, 2 photos, 116 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40445887&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photos%20(Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.