# NTSB GAA17CA007: Cessna T182, N400KX, Galesburg, IL, October 4, 2016 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: October 4, 2016, 11:00 local (16:00 UTC) - Place: Galesburg, IL - Coordinates: 40.938331, -90.431388 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.9383&lon=-90.4314&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report December 15, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 94157 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA17CA007 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/94157/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94157 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA007 ## Probable cause The pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a bounced, hard landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 22 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Wind: gusts](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,199 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) - [Landing: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that the airplane bounced on the initial touchdown followed by a gust of wind that allowed the airplane to "float" longer than he had intended. The pilot further reported that the airplane bounced hard a second time, raising the nose considerably higher. Subsequently the airplane impacted the pavement and broke the nose wheel off allowing the airplane to come to rest in a nose down attitude. The airplane sustained substantial damage to its firewall. The pilot reported that there were no pre impact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot reported that the airplane bounced on the initial touchdown followed by a gust of wind that allowed the airplane to "float" longer than he had intended. The pilot further reported that the airplane bounced hard a second time, raising the nose considerably higher. Subsequently the airplane impacted the pavement and broke the nose wheel off allowing the airplane to come to rest in a nose down attitude. The airplane sustained substantial damage to its firewall. The pilot reported that there were no pre impact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N400KX](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N400KX), registered now, S/N T18208212, built 2003 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA T182 (T) - Registry model: [Cessna T182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t182t) (registry code 2072738) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: T18208212 - Year built: 2003 - Airframe hours: 1420 - Engines: Lycoming TIO-540-AKIA 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Business, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, April 1, 2016 - Departed: VYS, PERU, IL - Destination: GBG, Galesburg, IL - Airport: GBG, Galesburg Muni, runway 10, 3,600 × 100 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system, Auto-pilot, Electronic multifunction display, Onboard weather ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 69; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review January 25, 2016; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 6,556 total, 2,754 in this make and model, 6,556 as pilot in command, 20.5 in the last 90 days, 6.6 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 135° at 10 knots, gusting 5 - Lowest ceiling: none - Observed at: GBG ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20161004019879A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20161004019879A), Oct 4, 2016: Cessna T182T, Galesburg, IL, Substantial damage. On October 4, 2016 on or about 1330, I received a call from [privacy data omitted]; he stated that he just had an aircraft accident in N400KX on runway 10 at… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 8, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94157. 1.2 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 745 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446237&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Accident Photos (Courtesy of FAA) (item 2, .PDF, 2 photos, 446 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40446238&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photos%20(Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.