# NTSB GAA17CA142: Cessna T182, N11344, Three Rivers, MI, February 19, 2017 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: February 19, 2017, 15:30 local (20:30 UTC) - Place: Three Rivers, MI - Coordinates: 41.9775, -85.704444 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.9775&lon=-85.7044&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 4, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 94729 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA17CA142 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/94729/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94729 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA142 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to maintain sufficient airspeed during the landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing and a nose-over. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 22 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface: soft surface](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023020): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023020/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 264 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023020/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Landing gear collapse](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,787 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that, after clearing some electrical wires on final approach, he reduced the throttle to idle. He further reported that the airspeed became low, the airplane landed hard and bounced twice, and the nose landing gear collapsed. The airplane nosed over and came to rest inverted. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the empennage, fuselage, and both wings. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot reported that after clearing some electrical wires on final approach, he reduced the throttle to idle. He further reported that the airspeed became low, the airplane landed hard, bounced twice, and the nose landing gear collapsed. The airplane nosed over and came to rest inverted. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the empennage, fuselage, and both wings. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N11344](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N11344-2018-05-30), registration cancelled 2018-05-30, S/N T18208645 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA T182 (T) - Registry model: [Cessna T182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t182t) (registry code 2072738) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: T18208645 - Year built: 2006 - Airframe hours: 812.3 - Engines: Lycoming TIO-540-AK1A 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, February 22, 2016 - Departed: HAI, THREE RIVERS, MI - Destination: N/A, Three Rivers, MI - Airport: N/A, Private Airstrip, runway 02, 1,420 × 100 ft, grass/turf - Equipment: Onboard weather, Satellite tracking device, Stall warning system, Auto-pilot, Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 60; injuries: none; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review March 6, 2016; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 485 total, 111 in this make and model, 383 as pilot in command, 1 in the last 90 days, 1 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 32 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 29.87 inHg - Observed at: KHAI, 5 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20170219002749A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20170219002749A), Feb 19, 2017: Cessna T182T, Three Rivers, MI, Substantial damage. Pilot was returning from khai (Three Rivers, MI airport) after performing Three take-offs and landings. Upon completion of the take-offs and landings, the… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 7, 2017, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94729. 1.2 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 784 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449753&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Accident Photo (Courtesy of Pilot) (item 2, .PDF, 1 photo, 428 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449754&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photo%20(Courtesy%20of%20Pilot)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.