# NTSB GAA17CA291: Cessna T182, N6203S, Carson City, NV, May 20, 2017 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: May 19, 2017, 21:00 local (May 20, 2017, 04:00 UTC) - Place: Carson City, NV - Coordinates: 39.192222, -119.732498 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.1922&lon=-119.7325&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 31, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 95203 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA17CA291 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/95203/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95203 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA291 ## Probable cause The pilot’s unstabilized approach during the landing flare and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 22 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 990 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md) - [Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface: soft surface](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023020): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023020/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 264 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023020/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Windshear or thunderstorm](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/390); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/390/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 224 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/390/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Part(s) separation from AC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 563 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 12 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that he was conducting a night flight to comply with the 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 61.57 (b) night takeoff and landing experience requirements. He added that, on his second approach, the airplane encountered wind shear during the landing flare. The airplane was blown about 40° nose left of the runway centerline. The pilot tried to correct to the right, but the airplane stalled and landed hard. The nose landing gear tire separated from the wheel, and the airplane bounced. The airplane settled on the runway, and a propeller strike occurred as the airplane slid off the left side of the runway. After the runway excursion, the nose landing gear wheel burrowed into the dirt surface, and the airplane nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings and the empennage. The METAR reported that the wind about the time of the accident was from 050° at 8 knots. Critical wind shear or low-level wind shear were not observed at any time during the day or night per the METAR on the date of the accident. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot reported that he was conducting a night flight to comply with the night takeoff and landing experience requirements specified in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 61.57 (b). On his second approach the airplane encountered wind shear during the landing flare. The airplane was blown about 40° nose left of the runway centerline. The pilot tried to correct to the right, but the airplane stalled and landed hard. The nose landing gear tire separated from the wheel and the airplane bounced. The airplane settled on the runway and a propeller strike occurred as the airplane slid off the left side of the runway. After the runway excursion, the nose landing gear wheel burrowed into the dirt surface and the airplane nosed over. Substantial damage was sustained to both wings, and the empennage. The METAR reported that the wind about the time of the accident was from 050° at 8 kts. Critical wind shear or low-level wind shear were not observed at any time during the day or night per the METAR on the date of the accident. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N6203S](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N6203S-2017-06-27), registration cancelled 2017-06-27, S/N T18208285, built 2004 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA T182 (T) - Registry model: [Cessna T182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t182t) (registry code 2072738) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: T18208285 - Year built: 2004 - Airframe hours: 1455 - Engines: Lycoming TIO-540-AK1A 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, December 1, 2016 - Departed: CXP, CARSON CITY, NV - Destination: CXP, CARSON CITY, NV - Airport: CXP, Carson, runway 27, 6,101 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Electronic multifunction display, Electronic primary flight display, Handheld GPS, Onboard weather, Stall warning system, ADS-B, Auto-pilot ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 69; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review October 13, 2015; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 428 total, 166 in this make and model, 369 as pilot in command, 21 in the last 90 days, 7 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: 50° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 28 °F - Altimeter: 30.07 inHg - Observed at: KCXP, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20170519005109A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20170519005109A), May 19, 2017: Cessna T182T, Carson City, NV, Substantial damage. The pilot stated that this flight was for night currency. The first approach and landing to a full stop was uneventful. The second approach with the flaps set… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 5, 2017, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95203. 3.7 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 3.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456830&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Photo (Courtesy of FAA) (item 2, .PDF, 1 photo, 165 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456831&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20(Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.