# NTSB GAA17CA533: Cessna T182T, N946CA, Silver Springs, NV, September 12, 2017 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: September 12, 2017, 10:15 local (17:15 UTC) - Place: Silver Springs, NV - Coordinates: 39.406387, -119.240837 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.4064&lon=-119.2408&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 23, 2018 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 95997 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA17CA533 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/95997/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95997 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA533 ## Probable cause The flight instructor’s failure to maintain a proper descent rate during a simulated engine failure, which resulted in a bounced landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 22 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: descent rate](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 242 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff-rejected takeoff: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that the purpose of the flight was to provide a proficiency checkout for the pilot, which is an organizational requirement before pilots are authorized to fly their airplanes. After completing area work, they returned to the airport. The pilot landed the airplane and taxied back to the departure end of the runway. The flight instructor then assumed control of the airplane to demonstrate a rejected takeoff after a simulated engine failure. About 50 to 100 ft above the ground, he retarded the throttle, lowered the flaps to 40°, and lowered the nose. An excessive sink rate developed, and the airplane touched down slightly nose up, bounced, then rolled to a stop. Postaccident examination revealed substantial damage to the fuselage. The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The flight instructor reported that the purpose of the flight was to provide a proficiency check out for the pilot, which is an organizational requirement prior to pilots being authorized to fly their airplanes. After completing area work, they returned to the airport. The pilot landed the airplane and taxied back to the departure end of the runway. The flight instructor then assumed control of the airplane for the purpose of demonstrating a rejected takeoff after a simulated engine failure. About 50 to 100 ft above the ground, he retarded the throttle, lowered the flaps to 40°, and lowered the nose. An excessive sink rate developed, and the airplane touched down slightly nose up, bounced, then rolled to a stop. A postaccident examination revealed substantial damage to the fuselage. The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N946CA](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N946CA), registered now, S/N T18208891, built 2008 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA T182T (T) - Registry model: [Cessna T182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t182t) (registry code 2072738) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TIO-540-AK1A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-tio-540-ak1a) (registry code 42005, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: T18208891 - Year built: 2008 - Airframe hours: 1553.8 - Engines: Textron Lycoming TIO-540-AK1A 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Civil Air Patrol - Registered owner: Civil Air Patrol - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, June 6, 2017 - Departed: RNO, RENO, NV - Destination: SPZ, Silver Springs, NV - Flight plan: Company VFR - Airport: SPZ, Silver Springs, runway 24, 6,001 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Auto-pilot, Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 70; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review February 17, 2017; seat: right; flight hours: 4,359 total, 2,010 in this make and model, 4,359 as pilot in command, 65 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days - Pilot; age 42; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review May 29, 2017; seat: left; flight hours: 173 total, 21 in this make and model, 102 as pilot in command, 11 in the last 90 days, 5 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 11,000 ft broken - Temperature: 72 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 30.13 inHg - Observed at: KNFL, 24 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20170912010629A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20170912010629A), Sep 12, 2017: Cessna T182T, Silver Springs, NV, Substantial damage. Pilot stated that after takeoff, during climb out, he reduced the throttle to simulate an engine failure at 50 feet. Aircraft lost altitude and airspeed… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 15, 2018, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95997. 3.6 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 3.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40460869&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Damage Statement (item 2, .PDF, 53 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40460870&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Damage%20Statement-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.