# NTSB GAA17IA083: Cessna 560, N22AF, Salinas, CA, November 29, 2016 - Type: NTSB incident investigation - Classification: Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report - Date: November 28, 2016, 20:30 local (Nov 29, 2016, 04:30 UTC) - Place: Salinas, CA - Coordinates: 36.662776, -121.606391 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=36.6628&lon=-121.6064&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Taxi-from runway: Course deviation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/281) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 5, 2018 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 94449 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA17IA083 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/94449/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94449 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17IA083 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from a parked helicopter. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540): Personnel issues › Psychological · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 560, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md?model=2076750), [All aircraft, 231 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 560, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md?model=2076750), [All aircraft, 559 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 560, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md?model=2076750), [All aircraft, 3,958 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Taxi-from runway: Course deviation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/281) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 560, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/281/sequence.md?model=2076750), [All aircraft, 52 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/281/sequence.md) - [Taxi-from runway: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 560, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2076750), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The airline transport pilot was taxiing the airplane to the parking area and was concerned about an airplane parked on the left side of the taxilane. He maneuvered his airplane right of the taxiway centerline and struck a helicopter parked on the right side of the taxiway. Postincident investigation revealed that the taxilane object free area (TOFA) was 47.5 ft on either side of the taxilane centerline; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airport design standards indicate that the TOFA should have been 57.5 ft on either side of the centerline. Although the parked airplane was within the TOFA, sufficient distance between the airplane and the helicopter remained such that the incident airplane could have taxied safely between them. ## Factual narrative ***This report was modified on October 23, 2018. Please see the docket for this accident to view the original report.*** On November 28, 2016, at 2030 Pacific standard time, after landing and after transitioning from taxiway Foxtrot to a taxilane, a Cessna 560 airplane, N22AF, struck a helicopter, N530PJ, that was parked in a non-movement area at Salinas Municipal Airport, Salinas, California. The airplane sustained minor damage to the right-wing tip and the pilot was not injured, but the helicopter required major repair. The airplane was registered to Bill Massa Company Incorporated, Salinas, California, and was being operated by the pilot under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a night visual flight rules flight. The flight originated from Salinas, California, and had returned to Salinas. According to the pilot, he landed the airplane and was taxiing to his hangar. The pilot reported that he used taxiway Foxtrot and made a right turn into the transient parking area heading southeast via the taxilane. He recalled that he was concerned with remaining a safe distance from an airplane that was parked on the left side of the taxilane and turned the airplane to the right, away from the taxilane centerline; the airplane's right wing struck a helicopter that was parked on the right side of the taxilane. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Salinas Municipal Airport is a category B-II airport. FAA Advisory Circular 150/530013A, Airport Design, page 124, Table 4-1 Design Standards Based on Airplane Design Group (ADG), indicates that Group II airports have a 57-ft 6-inch Taxilane Object Free Area (TOFA) on either side of the taxilane centerline. FAA aviation safety inspectors measured the taxilane at Salinas Municipal Airport, and it was 47 ft 6 inches on either side of the taxilane centerline. The airplane that the pilot attempted to avoid was parked on the left side of the taxilane centerline within the limits of the TOFA. The perpendicular distance between the helicopter and the parked airplane was 80 ft (the absolute distance was not measured). The wingspan of the incident airplane was 56 ft 4 in. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N22AF](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N22AF), registered now, S/N 560-0129, built 1991 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 560 (CITATION) - Registry model: [Cessna 560](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-560) (registry code 2076750) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D 5 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-canada-jt15d-5-series) (registry code 52113, turbo-fan) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 560-0129 - Year built: 1991 - Engines: P&W CANADA JT15D-5 374 lbs thrust turbo fan; P&W CANADA JT15D-5 374 lbs thrust turbo fan - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Bill Massa Co Inc - Registered owner: Bill Massa Co Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: SNS, Salinas, CA - Destination: SNS, Salinas, CA - Airport: SNS, Salinas Muni - Equipment: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 74; injuries: none; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; flight hours: 0 total, 0 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: 250° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 50 °F, dew point 43 °F - Altimeter: 30.03 inHg - Observed at: KSNS ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Incident 20161128020742I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20161128020742I), Nov 28, 2016: Cessna 560, Salinas, CA, Minor damage. On November 28, 2016 at Salinas Airport (sns), at approximately 8:30 p.m. PST, aircraft N22AF taxied from ?foxtrot? Onto jet west?s ramp in an n/nw direction.… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 1, 2018, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94449. 1.6 MB in all. - Memorandum for Record - Telephone Interview, Airport Manager and Pilot (item 1, .PDF, 126 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40460466&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20for%20Record%20-%20Telephone%20Interview,%20Airport%20Manager%20and%20Pilot-Master.PDF - Airfield Schematic (item 2, .PDF, 127 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40460467&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airfield%20Schematic-Master.PDF - Airport Design-Advisory Circular 150/5300-13A (item 3, .PDF, 380 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40460468&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airport%20Design-Advisory%20Circular%20150%2F5300-13A-Master.PDF - Photos (Courtesy of FAA) (item 4, .PDF, 3 photos, 928 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40460469&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photos%20(Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.