# NTSB GAA18CA231: Cessna 162, N6020Y, York, PA, April 22, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: April 22, 2018, 15:00 local (19:00 UTC) - Place: York, PA - Coordinates: 39.916942, -76.873054 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.9169&lon=-76.8731&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 27, 2018 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 97111 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA18CA231 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/97111/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97111 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA231 ## Probable cause The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing and a nose landing gear collapse. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 162, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=060005E), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 162, 23 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=060005E), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Action: incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 162, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md?model=060005E), [All aircraft, 1,386 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 162, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=060005E), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092); cases with it: [Cessna 162, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=060005E), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) - [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090); cases with it: [Cessna 162, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=060005E), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Landing: Landing gear collapse](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094); cases with it: [Cessna 162, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md?model=060005E), [All aircraft, 1,787 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that, during landing, she flared the airplane too early and high. She attempted to correct with power, but the airplane landed hard and bounced multiple times before the nose landing gear collapsed. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot reported that, during landing, she flared the airplane too early and high. She attempted to correct with power, but the airplane landed hard and bounced multiple times before the nose landing gear collapsed. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N6020Y](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N6020Y), registered now, S/N 16200168, built 2011 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA AIRCRAFT CO 162 - Registry model: [Cessna 162](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-162) (registry code 060005E) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental O-200 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-200-series) (registry code 17402, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 16200168 - Year built: 2011 - Airframe hours: 1261.7 - Engines: Continental O-200-D 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Special light-sport (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, April 19, 2018 - Departed: LNS, LANCASTER, PA - Destination: THV, York, PA - Airport: THV, York, runway 35, 5,188 × 100 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system, Electronic primary flight display ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 64; injuries: none; sport pilot; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: sport pilot; last flight review February 3, 2017; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 177 total, 47.7 in this make and model, 37.2 as pilot in command, 8 in the last 90 days, 2.5 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: variable at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 63 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 30.36 inHg - Observed at: KTHV ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20180422003979A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180422003979A), Apr 22, 2018: Cessna 162, York, PA, Substantial damage. Pilot flared aircraft early causing the aircraft to stall. ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 20, 2018, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97111. 2.8 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 2.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40464256&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Accident Photo (Courtesy of FAA) (item 2, .PDF, 1 photo, 643 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40464257&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photo%20(Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.