# NTSB GAA19CA042: Cessna 172, N822KS, Salina, KS, October 26, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: October 26, 2018, 14:30 local (19:30 UTC) - Place: Salina, KS - Coordinates: 38.784999, -97.645835 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.7850&lon=-97.6458&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report June 5, 2019 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 98579 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA19CA042 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/98579/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98579 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA042 ## Probable cause The student pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) - [Landing: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md) - [Landing: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) ## Analysis The solo student pilot reported that, while performing a touch-and-go landing, upon touchdown, the airplane landed hard and bounced. He added full power to go around, determined that the airplane was flying normally, and continued in the traffic pattern. He landed the airplane a second time, and it bounced a little, and he then taxied the airplane to the ramp without further incident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The student reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The solo student pilot reported that, while performing a touch and go landing, upon touchdown, the airplane landed hard and bounced. He added full power to go around, determined that the airplane was flying normally, and continued in the traffic pattern. He landed a second time, bounced a little, and taxied to the ramp without further incident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The student pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: N822KS (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172 (R) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17280545 - Year built: 1998 - Airframe hours: 7488 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Kansas State University Salina - Registered owner: Kansas State University Salina - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, August 24, 2018 - Departed: SLN, Salina, KS - Destination: SLN, Salina, KS - Airport: SLN, Salina Rgnl, runway 36, 4,301 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Student pilot; age 18; injuries: none; student; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 21.5 total, 21.5 in this make and model, 0.4 as pilot in command, 21.5 in the last 90 days, 9.6 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 320° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 63 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.88 inHg - Observed at: KSLN, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20181026020899A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20181026020899A), Oct 26, 2018: Cessna 172R, Salina, KS, Substantial damage. On October 26, 2018 at approximately 1430 local time, a student pilot [privacy data omitted] was piloting a Cessna 172R at Salina, Kansas (sln). The pilot was… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 11, 2019, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98579. 3.7 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 3.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40470237&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Accident Photo (item 2, .PDF, 1 photo, 244 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40470238&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photo-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.