# NTSB GAA19CA076: Cessna 172, N21621, Ogden, UT, November 22, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: November 21, 2018, 20:30 local (Nov 22, 2018, 03:30 UTC) - Place: Ogden, UT - Coordinates: 41.189445, -112.014999 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.1894&lon=-112.0150&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report September 26, 2019 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 98686 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA19CA076 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/98686/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98686 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA076 ## Probable cause The student pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a bounced landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 99 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 206 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 77 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Landing: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 22 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 118 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that, during a night landing, the student pilot relaxed back pressure, and the nose landing gear struck the runway. The airplane bounced, and the instructor took the flight controls and settled the airplane back onto the runway. They then taxied off the runway and did not see anything wrong with the airplane, so they continued two more takeoffs and landings without further incident. During the 100-hour inspection the next day, it was observed that the airplane had sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The flight instructor reported that, during a night landing, the student pilot relaxed back pressure and the nose landing gear struck the runway. The airplane bounced, the instructor took the flight controls, and he settled the airplane back onto the runway. They taxied off the runway, did not observe anything wrong with the airplane, and continued two more take offs and landings without further incident. During the 100-hour inspection the next day, it was observed that the airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N21621](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N21621), registered now, S/N 172S9530 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172 (S) - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 172S9530 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Cornerstone Aviation - Registered owner: Bonneville Investments Llc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, September 29, 2018 - Departed: OGD, Ogden, UT - Destination: OGD, Ogden, UT - Airport: OGD, Ogden-Hinckley, runway 35, 5,195 × 100 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 28; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 314 total, 267 in this make and model, 237 as pilot in command, 83 in the last 90 days, 72 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 21; injuries: none; student; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 12 total, 12 in this make and model, 12 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: calm - Visibility: 9 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 34 °F, dew point 21 °F - Altimeter: 30.07 inHg - Observed at: KOGD ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20181121022799A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20181121022799A), Nov 21, 2018: Cessna 172S, Ogden, UT, Substantial damage. During landing phase the student pilot initiated the flare, descended through ground effects and was within a few feet of the runway when they released a… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 11, 2019, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98686. 5.2 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 4.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40470969&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Pilot's Statements (item 2, .PDF, 183 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40470970&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%27s%20Statements-Master.PDF - Accident Photos (item 3, .PDF, 2 photos, 446 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40470971&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photos-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.