# NTSB GAA19CA406: Cessna 182, N2467G, Lincoln, MO, July 11, 2019 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: July 11, 2019, 11:30 local (16:30 UTC) - Place: Lincoln, MO - Coordinates: 38.400554, -93.332496 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.4006&lon=-93.3325&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 4 uninjured - Status: Completed, report December 2, 2019 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: General Aviation Accidents - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 99824 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=GAA19CA406 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/99824/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=99824 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA406 ## Probable cause The pilot's exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack during landing, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and a subsequent hard landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md?model=2072706), [All aircraft, 990 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182B, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072706), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 182B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=2072706), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) - [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092); cases with it: [Cessna 182B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072706), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) - [Landing: Landing gear collapse](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094); cases with it: [Cessna 182B, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md?model=2072706), [All aircraft, 1,787 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that, during landing with 40° flaps, he reduced power and began the flare. He added that he heard the stall warning horn and felt a buffet and then the airplane "pitched down [then] straight back to flare." He said the airplane was "high and slow," and it landed hard. The nose landing gear collapsed, and the airplane bounced and then slid to a stop. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the engine mounts. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot reported that, during landing, with 40° flaps, he reduced power and began the flare. He heard the stall warning horn, felt a buffet, and "pitched down [then] straight back to flare". He was "high and slow" and the airplane landed hard. The nose landing gear collapsed, the airplane bounced, and slid to a stop. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the engine mounts. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2467G](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N2467G), registered now, S/N 51767, built 1959 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 182 (B) - Registry model: [Cessna 182B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182b) (registry code 2072706) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental O-470 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-470-series) (registry code 17026, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 51767 - Year built: 1959 - Airframe hours: 3552.9 - Engines: Continental O-470 SERIES 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Unknown, November 3, 2018 - Departed: RCM, Warrensburg, MO - Destination: 0R2, Lincoln, MO - Airport: 0R2, Lincoln Muni, runway 36, 2,940 × 125 ft, grass/turf - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 53; injuries: none; private, commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review April 23, 2018; flight hours: 1,533 total, 110 in this make and model, 1,448 as pilot in command, 6 in the last 90 days, 3.4 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 340° at 11 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Altimeter: 30.05 inHg - Observed at: KRAW, 3 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20190711009899A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20190711009899A), Jul 11, 2019: Cessna 182B, Lincoln, MO, Substantial damage. Pilot reported that while on short final he flared too high. The aircraft got too slow and he waited too long to respond to the situation. He further stated… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 19, 2019, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=99824. 5.1 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 3.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40475959&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Pilot's Statement (item 2, .PDF, 180 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40475960&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%27s%20Statement-Master.PDF - Record of Conversation - FAA Inspector (item 3, .PDF, 67 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40475961&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20-%20FAA%20Inspector-Master.PDF - Accident Photo (item 4, .PDF, 1 photo, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40475962&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photo-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.