# NTSB IAD98LA065: Piper PA-30, N7794Y, Floyd, VA, June 1, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 1, 1998, 16:32 local (20:32 UTC) - Place: Floyd, VA - Coordinates: 36.909011, -80.309768 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=36.9090&lon=-80.3098&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 2 serious - Status: Completed, report March 30, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 28304 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=IAD98LA065 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/28304/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA065 ## Probable cause The pilot's improper selection of fuel tank position resulting in fuel starvation of both engines. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - normal - all engines - fluid,fuel - starvation (cause) - fuel tank selector position - improper, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - emergency ## Analysis In cruise flight at 10,500 feet, the pilot reported a loss of engine power on one engine and requested vectors to an airport approximately 40 miles away. The controller offered vectors to any of three airports closer to the airplane's position. The pilot declined the offer and repeated his initial request. The airplane subsequently lost power in both engines and crashed approximately 30 miles prior to the requested airport. Examination revealed an undetermined amount of fuel in both outboard auxiliary fuel tanks. Both inboard main fuel tanks contained no evidence of fuel. The cockpit area revealed each fuel selector was in the 'Main' position. The two main tanks held a total of 60 gallons, of which 6 gallons were unusable. Performance charts for the airplane revealed that in cruise flight at 10,500 feet, the airplane consumed approximately 15 gallons of fuel per hour. Examination of the airplane's rental and fueling records revealed the it had flown approximately 4 hours since the last fuel service and had completed at least 5 takeoffs and landings. Examination of the fuel system revealed no defects and both engines ran to rated power in a test cell. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On June 1, 1998, at 1632 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-30, N7794Y, was destroyed during a forced landing near Floyd, Virginia. The two certificated commercial pilots were seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight that originated at Concorde, North Carolina, approximately 1500, destined for Lewisburg, West Virginia. No flight plan was filed for the personal flight conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. A review of voice communication transcripts from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) revealed N7794Y contacted Roanoke Approach Control, at 1620, for advisories and flight following services. The airplane was approximately 45 miles southwest of Roanoke, Virginia (ROA), at 10,500 feet. At 1622, N7794Y reported "...we're descending through ah nine thousand, we're losing the right engine, we need priority." The pilot also requested radar vectors for Roanoke. The approach controller advised N7794Y that three airports were closer to their position than ROA. The pilot advised they would continue to ROA. When the controller asked the number of occupants and the amount of fuel on board, the pilot responded, "we got two souls on board and we're full of fuel...I'm estimating eighty-five gallons." During the subsequent descent, the pilot advised they were "...losing altitude and directional stability." The approach controller, a licensed pilot, stated he could hear the airplane's stall warning horn over the pilot's radio transmissions. The airplane crashed approximately 30 miles southwest of the Roanoke Regional Airport. The accident occurred during the hours of daylight approximately 37 degrees, 5 minutes north latitude, and 80 degrees, 20 minutes west longitude. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single engine land, multi-engine land, and instrument airplane. His most recent second class medical certificate was issued May 1, 1997. A review of the pilot's records revealed 801 hours of total flight experience, 168 hours of which were in multi-engine airplanes. The pilot logged 6 hours of flight experience in the 3 days prior to the accident, 2.1 hours of which were in the accident airplane the day before the accident. The pilot had not flown in the year prior to the flight logged May 28, 1998. The second pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single engine land, multi-engine land, and instrument airplane. He also held a flight instructor certificate with ratings for airplane single and multi-engine land. The second pilot's most recent FAA second class medical certificate was issued February 2, 1998. The second pilot's logbook was not recovered. However, he did report 1,300 hours of flight experience on the date of his most recent FAA medical examination. In a telephone interview with an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector (Operations), the airplane's owner reported that the second pilot had approximately110 hours of multi-engine experience, 65 hours of which were in the PA-30. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The weather reported at Pulaski, Virginia, 23 miles northwest of the accident site was: clear skies with winds from 320 degrees at 12 knots gusting to 15 knots. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION Two FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors (Operations and Airworthiness) examined the wreckage on June 2, 1998, and all major components were accounted for at the scene. The wings were separated outboard of the engine nacelles and the empennage was separated aft of the cabin area. Flight control cable continuity was established from the cockpit to the point of wing and empennage separation. All flight control cables appeared to have failed in overload at the points of separation. Examination of the four fuel tanks revealed an undetermined amount of fuel in both outboard auxiliary fuel tanks. Both inboard main fuel tanks contained no evidence of fuel. Examination of the cockpit area revealed each fuel selector in the "Main" position. On June 3, 1998, the airplane engines were removed from the scene for further examination. TESTS AND RESEARCH Both fuel selectors and fuel strainers were removed and examined by the FAA Inspectors for defects outlined in Airworthiness Directives. No defects were noted. According to a written report by the Inspectors: "No defects were found that would prevent fuel flow to the engines." The engines were examined on July 15 and 16, 1998, at the Textron Lycoming Company, Williamsport Pennsylvania, under the supervision of a Safety Board Investigator. Both engines started and ran to rated power in a test cell. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The Piper PA-30 had a total fuel capacity of 90 gallons. The two main tanks held a total of 60 gallons, of which 6 gallons was unusable. Performance charts for the PA-30 revealed that in cruise flight at 10, 500 feet, the airplane consumed approximately 15 gallons of fuel per hour. Examination of the airplane's rental and fueling records revealed N7794Y had flown approximately 4 hours since the last fuel service and had completed at least 5 takeoffs and landings. Examination of the Piper PA-30 Pilot's Operating Handbook revealed the airplane was not equipped with a stall warning horn. The airplane was equipped with a gear up warning horn. According to the handbook: "The gear up warning horn will sound when power is reduced (below 12 inches of manifold pressure) on both engines and the gear is not down and locked." According to the FAA Operations Inspector, the airplane's owner said the airplane was rented to the pilot on the day of the accident. The pilot had completed a check-out in the airplane the day before. The pilot wanted to practice instrument flight "under the hood" and invited the second pilot along to act as safety pilot on a trip to Lewisburg, West Virginia. The second pilot watched the first pilot perform the pre-flight inspection from inside the terminal building. According to the Owner's Handbook for the model PA-30, the emergency procedure for a loss of engine power in cruise flight was "...maintain airspeed and directional control of airplane; immediately advance mixture, propeller and throttle controls...Turn on fuel pumps, check ignition switches, fuel gauges and fuel cell selectors..." The airplane wreckage was released on November 17, 1998, to a representative of the owner's insurance company. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7794Y](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7794Y-2017-07-20), registration cancelled 2017-07-20, S/N 30-877, built 1965 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-30 - Registry model: [Piper PA-30](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-30) (registry code 7103002) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-320-series) (registry code 41509, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 30-877 - Airframe hours: 4197 - Engines: Lycoming IO-320 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Leonard M. Lancaster - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, March 18, 1998, 50 hours before - Departed: 3N8, CONCORDE, NC - Destination: LWB, LEWISBURG, WV ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 44; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 801 total, 589 as pilot in command, 6 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 320° at 12 knots, gusting 15 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: PSK, 23 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980601011589A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980601011589A), Jun 1, 1998: Piper PA30, Floyd, VA, Destroyed. Advised ATC trouble with an engine. Crashed 30 mi short of roa. Main fuel empty. Fuel sectors on mains. (.4) in cruise flight at 10,500 feet, the pilot… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.