# NTSB LAX02LA100: Aeronca C-3, N17438, Sonoma, CA, March 3, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: March 3, 2002, 15:00 local (23:00 UTC) - Place: Sonoma, CA - Coordinates: 38.257778, -122.434448 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.2578&lon=-122.4344&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 1 minor - Status: Completed, report June 2, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION - NTSB case key (mKey): 54304 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX02LA100 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/54304/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54304 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX02LA100 ## Probable cause the pilot's excessive remedial control inputs in response to a passenger's control inputs, which led to a failure to maintain an adequate airspeed and an inadvertent stall/mush. The pilot's inadequate preflight decision to allow a student pilot to occupy the only seat with full flight controls was a factor in the accident. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb - preflight planning/preparation - inadequate, pilot in command (contributing factor) - flight controls - used, pilot passenger (contributing factor) - remedial action - excessive, pilot in command (cause) - airspeed - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - stall/mush - encountered, pilot in command - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - congested/confined area ## Analysis During the takeoff climb out, the airplane veered to the right and nose dived into a junkyard. A passenger who held a student pilot certificate, was invited by the owner to fly the airplane. The owner placed the student in the left seat, which was the side that had the flight control stick, rudder pedals, and brakes. The owner sat in the right seat, which did not have a flight control stick but did have rudder pedals. The student said there were no problems encountered during takeoff. Once they had climbed over the tress, the left wing dropped abruptly. A couple of seconds after she corrected the wings to a straight and level attitude, the pilot-in-command reached over to her side and took over the flight controls. The airplane banked and fell off to the right and struck the ground in a nose-down, left wing low attitude. Initial and follow-up examinations of the airplane and powerplant did not expose any preimpact mechanical discrepancies. ## Factual narrative On March 3, 2002, at 1500 Pacific standard time, an Aeronca C-3, N17438, impacted terrain in a junkyard while in an uncontrolled descent shortly after takeoff from the Sonoma Skypark Airport, Sonoma, California. The airplane was owned and operated by the private pilot under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. The airplane sustained substantial damage. The pilot received minor injuries, and a passenger who held a student pilot certificate was seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the local area flight, and no flight plan had been filed. The pilot informed emergency medical services (EMS) personnel that during the takeoff climb he felt something "snap" on the control stick. The airplane veered sharply to the left. He attempted to correct back to the right, but was unable to do so. The airplane nose dived to the ground with the left wing low. In a written statement to the National Transportation Safety Board, the student pilot indicated that she had been at the airport that morning to do some flying in her airplane. Later in the day she went down to the hangar that housed the accident airplane. The owner and another person were getting the airplane ready to fly. The other person was going to fly it around the area. While the airplane was out flying, the owner asked her if she would "like to solo the C3 next;" she replied with a negative response. The owner asked her a couple of more times if she wanted to fly the airplane. He also told her that it flew just like her own airplane, and she wouldn't have a problem flying it. She stated that she said she would fly it as long as he went up with her first. When the airplane returned, the owner had her get in the airplane and taxi around to get used to the rudder pedals. After she was done taxiing the airplane, she took it over to the fuel pit to refuel it. She then called her dad and asked if she could solo the C-3; she told him that she was going to fly with the owner first. After she fueled the airplane, they got into the airplane and started to taxi to the runway. The student pilot reported that the pilot had her sit in the left seat, the side that had a control stick, rudder pedals, and brakes. The right side, where the owner was seated, had only rudder pedals. She was unsure whether there were brakes on his side. Once on the runway, she advanced the throttle with her right hand and held the control stick with her left hand. She indicated that she didn't know the airplane, so if she had been doing something wrong she figured the owner would have said something. She encountered no difficulties during the takeoff. Once they had climbed over the trees, she stated that the "left wing dropped abruptly." She corrected it "and got the plane back straight [and] level. Or the wings level [at least]." She stated that the owner reached over and grabbed the controls. The student pilot let go of the flight controls, and recalled losing altitude and seeing a house go by. A witness to the accident stated that he saw the airplane veer to the left and then "went right and nose [dived] into the ground." Another witness traveling on Highway 37 reported that the engine was not "sputtering." She was unfamiliar with airplanes, but stated that the engine did not sound like anything was wrong with it. She did note that the airplane was "very low." A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector examined the airplane. He established flight control continuity, and the control linkages appeared attached and intact. He examined the engine. The spark plugs appeared normal. The inspector manually rotated the propeller; he observed valve train movement, and obtained thumb compression on the two cylinders. The magneto remained attached to the engine and produced spark on one lead. He removed the magneto, manually rotated it, and it produced spark at all of the terminals. He observed no mechanical discrepancies. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N17438](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N17438-2013-04-11), registration cancelled 2013-04-11, S/N A-747, built 1937 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Aeronca C-3 - Registry model: [Aeronca C-3](https://openairdocs.org/model/aeronca-c-3) (registry code 0190302) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Aeronca E107A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/aeronca-e107a) (registry code 01001, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: A-747 - Airframe hours: 1401 - Engines: Aeronca E-113 37 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: William Field - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 15, 2001, 5 hours before - Departed: 0Q9, SONOMA, CA - Destination: 0Q9, SONOMA, CA - Airport: 0Q9, Sonoma Skypark Airport, runway 26, 2,480 × 40 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 55; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: multi-engine sea, single-engine sea, multi-engine land, single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review December 31, 2000; seat: right; flight hours: 6,000 total, 50 in this make and model, 6,000 as pilot in command, 27 in the last 90 days, 16 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 17; injuries: serious; student; medical: unknown, unknown; seat: left ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 100° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 41 °F - Altimeter: 30.30 inHg - Observed at: APC, 8 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20020303004109A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20020303004109A), Mar 3, 2002: Aronca C3AERONCA, Sonoma, CA, No damage. (-23) Aircraft departed the Sonoma sky park (OQ9) airport on runway 26 at approximately 1500 PST. It climbed to 250 AGL at which time the engine lost power.… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 22, 2004, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54304. 461 KB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 312 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40391908&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Supplement S (item 2, .PDF, 12 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40166779&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20S-Master.PDF - Passenger Statement (item 3, .PDF, 101 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40391909&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Passenger%20Statement-Redacted.PDF - Report from OAK FSDO (item 4, .PDF, 6 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40166780&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Report%20from%20OAK%20FSDO-Master.PDF - Record of Telephone Conversation with Pilot (item 5, .PDF, 23 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40391910&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Telephone%20Conversation%20with%20Pilot-Redacted.PDF - Record of Conversation with Witness (item 6, .PDF, 6 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40159257&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20with%20Witness-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.