# NTSB LAX02LA140: Cessna T206H, N377ME, Sedona, AZ, April 19, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: April 19, 2002, 11:40 local (18:40 UTC) - Place: Sedona, AZ - Coordinates: 34.848609, -111.78833 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.8486&lon=-111.7883&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 4 uninjured - Status: Completed, report September 30, 2003 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 54558 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX02LA140 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/54558/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54558 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX02LA140 ## Probable cause The pilot's inadequate compensation for the variable, gusty and crosswind conditions, which led to a bounced landing and a subsequent pilot induced porpoise oscillation. A factor in the accident was the pilot's decision to continue the landing in a crosswind component that exceeded the maximum factory demonstrated capability of the airplane. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - weather condition - crosswind - weather condition - gusts - in-flight planning/decision - inadequate, pilot in command (contributing factor) - weather condition - high wind - crosswind component - exceeded, pilot in command (contributing factor) - compensation for wind conditions - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - recovery from bounced landing - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - porpoise/pilot-induced oscillation - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis The airplane sustained substantial fuselage structural damage after porpoising following a bounced landing on runway 21. The official automated surface observation system (ASOS) observation at the time of the accident included winds from 170 degrees at 19 knots with higher gusts to 26 knots, yeilding a crosswind component that varied from 12 to 19 knots. The pilot reported that the flight was smooth until about 15 minutes from landing at Sedona when turbulence was encountered. Nearing the airport, he obtained the surface weather from the ASOS recording and noted that the winds were given as from 170 degrees at 10 knots gusting to 21 variable to 190 degrees at 12 knots with higher gusts to 23. The pilot selected runway 21 and said that during the approach, "a change in airspeed of 15 knots was observable." He noted that he reduced power after touchdown and a gust of wind "lifted the aircraft off the runway and I started porpoising and hit the tail on the runway." The accident sequence was witnessed by the owner of a fixed-base operator (FBO) on the airport. He reported that the pilot was trying to land on runway 21 with a strong quartering headwind that had a significant gust component. He saw the airplane bounce off the main gear and begin a series of porpoise like pilot induced oscillations where the airplane bounced from the nose wheel to the main gear and back again, with an increasing amplitude. On the fourth porpoise, the airplane's tail struck the runway. According to the limitations section of the Cessna T206H Pilot Operating Handbook, the airplane's maximum demonstrated crosswind capability is 15 knots. Engineering personnel from Cessna reported that the 15-knot crosswind capability is not a limitation, it is only the maximum crosswind component that the aircraft was landed in during certification flight testing. The pilot's private certificate was issued on February 27, 2002. The pilot said there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane prior to the accident. ## Factual narrative On April 19, 2002, at 1140 mountain standard time, a Cessna T206H, N377ME, sustained substantial fuselage structural damage after porpoising following a bounced landing at the Sedona, Arizona, airport. The aircraft was owned and operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. Neither the private pilot nor the three passengers on board were injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed for the personal cross-country flight that originated at Camarillo, California, at 0900. The airplane was landing on runway 21, and the official automated surface observation system (ASOS) at the time of the accident included winds from 170 degrees at 19 knots with higher gusts to 26 knots. In a written statement, the pilot reported that the flight was smooth until about 15 minutes from landing at Sedona when turbulence was encountered. Nearing the airport, he obtained the surface weather from the ASOS recording and noted that the winds were given as from 170 degrees at 10 knots gusting to 21 variable to 190 degrees at 12 knots with higher gusts to 23. The pilot selected runway 21 and said that during the approach, "a change in airspeed of 15 knots was observable." He noted that he reduced power after touchdown and a gust of wind "lifted the aircraft off the runway and I started porpoising and hit the tail on the runway." The accident sequence was witnessed by the owner of a fixed-base operator (FBO) on the airport. He reported that the pilot was trying to land on runway 21 with a strong quartering headwind that had a significant gust component. The witness said that runway 21 has about a 2 percent downslope. He saw the airplane bounce off the main gear and begin a series of porpoise like pilot induced oscillations where the airplane bounced from the nose wheel to the main gear and back again, with an increasing amplitude. On the fourth porpoise, the airplane's tail struck the runway. The airport manager examined the airplane and reported that the skin was wrinkled in the area of the firewall, and that a compression buckle extended circumferentially around the fuselage at a point 3 feet forward of the horizontal stabilizer leading edge. According to the Federal Aviation Administration airman record files, an original issuance private pilot certificate was issued to the pilot on February 27, 2002. In his written statement, the pilot said there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane prior to the accident. According to the limitations section of the Cessna T206H Pilot Operating Handbook, the airplane's maximum demonstrated crosswind capability is 15 knots. In a telephone conversation with engineering personnel from Cessna, they reported that the 15-knot crosswind capability is not a limitation, it is only the maximum crosswind component that the aircraft was landed in during certification flight testing. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N377ME](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N377ME), registered now, S/N T20608226, built 2000 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna T206H - Registry model: [Cessna T206H](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t206h) (registry code 2073303) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: T20608226 - Airframe hours: 463 - Engines: Lycoming TIO-540A 310 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Robert Rickenbach - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, March 28, 2002, 20 hours before - Departed: CMA, Camarillo, CA - Destination: SEZ, Sedona, AZ - Airport: SEZ, Sedona, runway 21, 5,132 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 46; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review February 27, 2002; seat: left; flight hours: 361 total, 206 in this make and model, 289 as pilot in command, 24 in the last 90 days, 17 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 170° at 19 knots, gusting 26 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 39 °F - Altimeter: 29.86 inHg - Observed at: SEZ ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20020419008239A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20020419008239A), Apr 19, 2002: Cessna T206H, Sedona, AZ, No damage. (.19) On April 19, 2002, at 1250 mountain standard time, a Cessna T206H, N377ME, sustained substantial fuselage structural damage after porpoising following a… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 29, 2003, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54558. 372 KB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 339 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40432507&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Supplement S (item 2, .PDF, 33 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40157959&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20S-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.